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Shloka 45

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

प्रसिद्ध भाषितं दाने नैषां प्रत्यायकं पुन: । ये मन्यन्ते क्रयं शुल्क न ते धर्मविदो नरा:

bhīṣma uvāca | prasiddhaṃ bhāṣitaṃ dāne naiṣāṃ pratyāyakaṃ punaḥ | ye manyante krayaṃ śulkaṃ na te dharmavido narāḥ |

Bhīṣma nói: “Trong việc hiến tặng (nhất là việc gả con gái), giữa dân gian có một lời nói quen thuộc: ai nấy đều gọi đó là ‘tặng con gái.’ Vì vậy, đối với những kẻ xem hôn nhân được xác lập chỉ bởi một khoản phí hay giá mua, không có chứng cứ đáng tin nào có thể làm cho lời họ trở nên xác thực. Những người coi ‘mua bán’ và ‘tiền sính lễ’ là thẩm quyền thì không phải là kẻ am tường dharma.”

प्रसिद्धम्well-known, famous
प्रसिद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रसिद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भाषितम्saying, statement (spoken thing)
भाषितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाषित (भाष् धातु)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दानेin/with regard to giving (gift)
दाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषाम्of these (people)
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रत्यायकम्convincing, establishing (as proof)
प्रत्यायकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यायक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain; moreover
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मन्यन्तेthink, consider
मन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
क्रयम्purchase, buying
क्रयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शुल्कम्fee, bride-price, payment
शुल्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मविदःknowers of dharma
धर्मविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नराःmen, people
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Marriage involving a daughter should be understood in the ethical frame of dāna (gift), not as a commercial transaction; treating it as purchase or fee-based undermines dharma and lacks true moral authority.

Bhishma is instructing on dharma and social conduct, rejecting the idea that a marriage is validated by payment (śulka/kraya) and affirming the culturally and morally recognized notion of kanyādāna (giving the maiden) as the proper understanding.