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Shloka 20

Śakra–Śambara Saṃvāda: Brāhmaṇa-sevā, Anasūyā, and Vāg-bala (शक्रशम्बरसंवादः)

ब्राह्मणा यं प्रशंसन्ति पुरुष: स प्रवर्धते । ब्राह्मणैर्य: पराकृष्ट: पराभूयात्‌ क्षणाद्धि सः

brāhmaṇā yaṁ praśaṁsanti puruṣaḥ sa pravardhate | brāhmaṇair yaḥ parākṛṣṭaḥ parābhūyāt kṣaṇād dhi saḥ ||

Bhishma nói: “Người được các Bà-la-môn tán dương thì sẽ vươn lên và thịnh đạt. Còn kẻ bị các Bà-la-môn quở trách, bị lời kết tội của họ kéo tụt xuống, sẽ gặp bại vong—quả thật, chỉ trong khoảnh khắc.”

ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
पुरुषःthe man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवर्धतेprospers / grows
प्रवर्धते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वृध्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
ब्राह्मणैःby Brahmins
ब्राह्मणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पराकृष्टःcensured / reviled / drawn away (i.e., condemned)
पराकृष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपराकृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, past passive participle (kta) from परा-आ-कृष्
पराभूयात्would be defeated / perishes
पराभूयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरा-भू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्षणात्in a moment / from a moment
क्षणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सःhe
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmins

Educational Q&A

A person’s rise or ruin is closely tied to their relationship with dharma-bearing counsel: earning the approval of the learned through right conduct leads to prosperity, while incurring their censure through adharma brings swift downfall.

In Bhishma’s instruction to Yudhishthira in the Anushasana Parva, he emphasizes the traditional moral and social power attributed to Brahmins—praise as a sign of dharmic approval and condemnation as a force that precipitates immediate defeat.