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Shloka 18

Brāhmaṇa-mahattva and Atithi-Dharma

Brahmagītā: Praise of Brāhmaṇas and norms of honor

राजोवाच गोवृषो वा वराहो वा मृगो वा महिषो5पि वा । त्वदर्थमद्य क्रियतां क्षुधाप्रशमनाय ते

rājovāca govṛṣo vā varāho vā mṛgo vā mahiṣo 'pi vā | tvadartham adya kriyatāṃ kṣudhāpraśamanāya te ||

Nhà vua nói: “Hỡi diều hâu! Dù là bò đực, lợn rừng, nai, hay thậm chí trâu—hãy sắp đặt ngay hôm nay vì ngươi, làm thức ăn để dập tắt cơn đói của ngươi.”

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गोवृषःa bull (cow-bull)
गोवृषः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोवृष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वराहःa boar
वराहः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवराह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मृगःa deer/animal (game)
मृगः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
महिषःa buffalo
महिषः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहिष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
त्वदर्थम्for your sake
त्वदर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootत्वदर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
क्रियताम्let (it) be done / let (it) be prepared
क्रियताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormImperative, Passive, 3rd, Singular
क्षुधाof hunger
क्षुधा:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुधा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
प्रशमनायfor the appeasement
प्रशमनाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रशमन
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
तेfor you / to you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular, —

भीष्म उवाच

R
rājā (the king)
G
go-vṛṣa (bull)
V
varāha (boar)
M
mṛga (deer)
M
mahiṣa (buffalo)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the dharma of hospitality: a ruler feels obligated to relieve a guest’s hunger and is ready to provide substantial food. At the same time, it implicitly foregrounds an ethical dilemma—meeting a duty of care through the taking of animal life—setting up reflection on competing dharmas.

A king addresses a guest and offers to have an animal prepared as food—bull, boar, deer, or buffalo—explicitly stating that it should be done that very day to pacify the guest’s hunger.