Shloka 51

ब्राह्मणपूजा-राजधर्मः | Royal Duty of Honoring Learned Brahmins

Devanagari script

उत्सादितश्न विषय: काशीनां रत्नसंचय: । एतस्य वीर्यदृप्तस्य हतं पुत्रशतं मया

Transliteration

utsāditaś ca viṣayaḥ kāśīnāṁ ratnasañcayaḥ | etasya vīryadṛptasya hataṁ putraśataṁ mayā ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Ta đã tàn phá lãnh thổ của hắn và đoạt lấy kho báu tích tụ của xứ Kāśī. Và đối với kẻ này, kẻ say men kiêu hãnh vì sức mạnh của mình, ta đã giết một trăm người con trai của hắn.”

Word by Word

• उत्सादितः: destroyed/ruined
• उत्सादितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्सादित (उत्+साद् धातु, क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अस्मिन्: in this (matter/person)
• अस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• विषये: in the realm/territory
• विषये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषय
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• काशीनाम्: of the Kāśīs (people/kingdom of Kāśī)
• काशीनाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: काशी
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• रत्नसञ्चयः: a collection/heap of jewels
• रत्नसञ्चयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्नसञ्चय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एतस्य: of this (man)
• एतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• वीर्यदृप्तस्य: of (one) intoxicated/proud with prowess
• वीर्यदृप्तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर्यदृप्त
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• हतम्: slain/killed
• हतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत (हन् धातु, क्त)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• पुत्रशतम्: a hundred sons
• पुत्रशतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्रशत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Kāśī (kingdom/people)
• ratna-sañcaya (treasure/jewels)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical warning against darpa (pride) born of strength: arrogance invites ruin. It also reflects the harsh logic of kṣatriya-dharma, where political conflict and retribution can culminate in devastating violence and the loss of lineage.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma recounts a past campaign: he devastated the territory of the Kāśīs, took their amassed treasures, and killed a hundred sons of a valor-proud adversary, emphasizing the scale of his victory and the downfall brought by the opponent’s pride.