Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 3

ब्राह्मणपूजा-राजधर्मः | Royal Duty of Honoring Learned Brahmins

सत्पुरुषोंमें श्रेष्ठ पितामह! परंतु सुना जाता है कि पूर्वकालमें विश्वामित्रजीने इसी शरीरसे ब्राह्मणत्व प्राप्त कर लिया था और आप जो उसे सर्वथा दुर्लभ बता रहे हैं (ये दोनों बातें परस्पर विरुद्ध-सी जान पड़ती हैं) ।।

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: Satpuruṣeṣu śreṣṭha pitāmaha! śrūyate ca purākāle Viśvāmitro ’nenaiva śarīreṇa brāhmaṇatvaṃ prāptavān iti; bhavatā ca tad atyanta-durlabham ucyate—etad ubhayaṃ paraspara-virodham iva pratibhāti. Vītahavyaś ca nṛpatiḥ śruto me vipratāṃ gataḥ. Tad eva tāvad, Gādeya, śrotum icchāmy ahaṃ vibho.

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Bạch Tổ phụ, bậc tối thượng giữa những người hiền đức! Nhưng người ta vẫn truyền rằng thuở xưa Viśvāmitra đã đạt địa vị Bà-la-môn ngay trong chính thân này; còn Người lại nói đó là điều cực kỳ khó được—hai điều ấy dường như trái nhau. Con cũng nghe rằng vua Vītahavya, tuy thuộc giai cấp Sát-đế-lỵ, đã trở thành Bà-la-môn. Ôi hậu duệ của Gādhi, bậc hùng lực—trước hết xin Người kể cho con nghe chuyện ấy.”

वीतहव्यःVītahavya (proper name)
वीतहव्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीतहव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपतिःking
नृपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रुतःheard/known
श्रुतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेto me / for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
विप्रताम्Brahminhood
विप्रताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतःgone/attained
गतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तावत्so much/for the present/first
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
गाडेयO Gādeya (descendant of Gādhi; i.e., Viśvāmitra)
गाडेय:
TypeNoun
Rootगाडेय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormInfinitive (tumun)
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
विभोO mighty one / O lord
विभो:
TypeNoun
Rootविभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)
V
Viśvāmitra
V
Vītahavya
G
Gādhi (implied by Gādeya)

Educational Q&A

Yudhiṣṭhira probes the relationship between birth-based identity and merit-based attainment: if Brahminhood is said to be rare, how do traditions of Viśvāmitra and Vītahavya becoming Brahmins fit? The verse frames a dharmic inquiry into whether spiritual/ethical excellence (tapas, conduct) can transform one’s social-religious status.

In the Anuśāsana discussions, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma and raises an apparent contradiction in what is ‘heard’ in tradition. He cites two famous examples—Viśvāmitra and King Vītahavya—and asks Bhīṣma to narrate first the account of Vītahavya’s transformation.