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Shloka 1

ब्राह्मणपूजा-राजधर्मः | Royal Duty of Honoring Learned Brahmins

ऑपनआक्राा बछ। अकाल त्रिशो&्थ्याय: वीतहव्यके पुत्रोंसे काशी-नरेशोंका घोर युद्ध

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śrutaṃ me mahad ākhyānam etat kurukulodvaha | suduṣprāpaṃ yad bravīṣi brāhmaṇyaṃ vadatāṃ vara ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Ô bậc rạng danh dòng Kuru, ô Pitāmaha, bậc tối thượng trong hàng diễn thuyết! Con đã nghe từ miệng Ngài câu chuyện lớn lao ấy. Nhưng điều Ngài nói—rằng đối với những người thuộc các giai tầng khác, việc đạt được địa vị Bà-la-môn ngay trong thân này là vô cùng khó—dường như gần như không thể.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्रुतम्heard
श्रुतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रु (धातु) → श्रुत (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मेby me / my
मे:
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
आख्यानम्narrative, story
आख्यानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआख्यान (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कुरुकुलोद्वहO foremost of the Kuru lineage
कुरुकुलोद्वह:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुकुल + उद्वह (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सुदुष्प्रापम्very difficult to obtain
सुदुष्प्रापम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + दुष् + प्राप (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यत्that which / what
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ब्रवीषिyou say
ब्रवीषि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मण्यम्Brahminhood, the state of being a Brahmin
ब्राह्मण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वदताम्of speakers
वदताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवद् (धातु) → वदत् (कृदन्त, शतृ)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वरO best
वर:
TypeNoun
Rootवर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kuru lineage (Kuru-kula)
B
Bhīṣma (implied by the vocatives 'kurukulodvaha', 'vadatāṃ vara')
B
Brāhmaṇya (Brahminhood)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-question: whether and how 'brāhmaṇya' is attainable, emphasizing that true Brahminhood is not merely a birth-label but a rare, demanding attainment tied to qualities and conduct—hence described as 'suduṣprāpa' (exceedingly difficult).

After hearing a major illustrative story, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma and reflects on Bhīṣma’s claim that for those of other varṇas, attaining Brahminhood in the same lifetime/body is extremely difficult, prompting further explanation about the nature of brāhmaṇya.