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Shloka 2

Pūjya-namaskārya-prakaraṇa

On Those Worthy of Honor and Salutation

त॑ सहस्रावरे काले शक्रो द्रष्टमुपागमत्‌ । तदेव च पुनर्वाक्यमुवाच बलवृत्रहा

taṁ sahasrāvare kāle śakro draṣṭum upāgamat | tad eva ca punar vākyam uvāca balavṛtrahā ||

Bhīṣma nói: Khi thời hạn một nghìn năm gần trọn, Śakra (Indra), kẻ diệt Vṛtra, chúa tể chư thiên, lại đến thăm ông. Và một lần nữa, ngài lặp lại đúng những lời đã nói trước kia—nhắc lại vấn đề ấy vào cuối quãng thời gian dài đằng đẵng.

तत्him/that (person)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सहस्रावरेat the end of a thousand (years)
सहस्रावरे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसहस्रावर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शक्रःIndra (Śakra)
शक्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रष्टुम्to see
द्रष्टुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormTumun (infinitive)
उपागमत्came/approached
उपागमत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-गम्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that (same)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
वाक्यम्speech/statement
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
बलवृत्रहाthe slayer of Bala and Vṛtra (Indra)
बलवृत्रहा:
Karta
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootबलवृत्रहन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Ś
Śakra (Indra)
V
Vṛtra
B
Bala
M
Matanga (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how time and sustained effort frame ethical trials: even after a long interval, the same demand or test can return, and one’s steadiness in dharma is measured not by a moment but by endurance across time.

As the thousand-year period nears its end, Indra comes again to visit (Matanga, in context) and repeats the same statement he had made earlier, renewing the prior request or challenge.