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Shloka 166

Pūjya-namaskārya-prakaraṇa

On Those Worthy of Honor and Salutation

दुरावापमवाप्यैतन्नानुतिष्ठन्ति मानवा: । पहले तो ब्राह्मणत्वका प्राप्त होना ही कठिन है। यदि वह प्राप्त हो जाय तो उसका पालन करना और भी कठिन हो जाता है; किंतु बहुत-से मनुष्य इस दुर्लभ वस्तुको पाकर भी तदनुकूल आचरण नहीं करते हैं

durāvāpam avāpya etan nānutiṣṭhanti mānavāḥ |

Matanga nói: “Dẫu đã đạt được trạng thái khó đạt này, con người vẫn không sống cho tương xứng với nó. Trở thành một Bà-la-môn vốn đã khó; mà khi đã đạt được rồi, giữ gìn hạnh kiểm xứng đáng với địa vị ấy lại càng khó hơn. Thế nhưng nhiều người, dù đã có được địa vị hiếm hoi này, vẫn không thực hành kỷ luật và dharma đáng lẽ phải theo sau.”

दुरावापम्hard to obtain
दुरावापम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुरावाप (दुर् + अवाप)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अवाप्यhaving obtained
अवाप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअवाप्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुतिष्ठन्तिthey practice / they follow
अनुतिष्ठन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (अनु + स्था)
Formलट् (Present), Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
मानवाःmen / humans
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

मतंग उवाच

M
Matanga
M
mānavāḥ (human beings)
B
brāhmaṇa (as a social-spiritual category)

Educational Q&A

Rare attainments—especially a dharmic status like brāhmaṇatva—carry corresponding obligations. The verse stresses that attainment without sustained right conduct is a moral failure; true worth lies in living the discipline that the status demands.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-focused discourse, Matanga is speaking as a moral teacher. He highlights the gap between acquiring a revered position and actually practicing the dharma and self-restraint appropriate to it.