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Shloka 38

तीर्थवंशोपदेशः

Tīrtha-vaṃśa Upadeśa: Instruction on the Fruits of Sacred Waters

इसी तरह जब ब्राह्मणके यहाँ देवकार्य होता हो, तब उसमें *कारसहित पुण्याहवाचनका विधान है (अर्थात्‌ 'पुण्याहं भवन्तो ब्रुवन्तु--आपलोग पुण्याहवाचन करें' ऐसा यजमानके कहनेपर ब्राह्मणोंको “३० पुण्याहम्‌ ३» पुण्याहम्‌” इस प्रकार कहना चाहिये)। यही वाक्य क्षत्रियके यहाँ बिना *कारके उच्चारण करना चाहिये ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | evaṃ yadā brāhmaṇasya gṛhe devakāryaṃ bhavati tadā tatra sakāraṃ puṇyāhavācanasya vidhir asti (yajamāne vadati—“puṇyāhaṃ bhavanto bruvantu” iti; brāhmaṇaiḥ “puṇyāham, puṇyāham” iti vaktavyam) | kṣatriyasya tu gṛhe tad eva vākyaṃ akāraṃ vinā uccāraṇīyam || vaiśyasya daive vaktavyaṃ—“prīyantāṃ devatāḥ” iti | karmaṇām ānupūrvyeṇa vidhipūrvaṃ kṛtaṃ śṛṇu ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Cũng như vậy, khi một Bà-la-môn cử hành nghi lễ dâng lên chư thiên tại gia, phải thực hiện nghi thức tuyên xướng ‘ngày cát tường’ (puṇyāha) kèm theo tiểu từ đã được quy định; khi gia chủ thỉnh rằng: ‘Xin các bậc tôn kính hãy tuyên xướng ngày lành,’ thì các Bà-la-môn phải đáp: ‘Cát tường thay, cát tường thay.’ Ở nhà một Sát-đế-lỵ, cũng công thức ấy phải được đọc lên nhưng không phát âm tiểu từ kia. Trong nghi lễ dâng thần của một Phệ-xá, phải nói: ‘Nguyện chư thiên hoan hỷ.’ Nay hãy lắng nghe, theo thứ tự, nghi trình đúng pháp, đúng quy tắc cho các bổn phận của ba giai tầng.”

वैश्यस्यof the Vaishya
वैश्यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दैवेin a divine rite (deva-ceremony)
दैवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वक्तव्यम्is to be said / should be uttered
वक्तव्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Obligation/necessity
प्रीयन्ताम्may they be pleased
प्रीयन्ताम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्री
FormImperative (लोट्), Third, Plural, Atmanepada
देवताःthe deities
देवताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
कर्मणाम्of the rites/actions
कर्मणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
आनुपूर्व्येणin due order / sequentially
आनुपूर्व्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआनुपूर्व्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
विधिपूर्वम्according to rule / duly
विधिपूर्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootविधिपूर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, adverbial accusative
कृतम्done / performed
कृतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
शृणुhear (listen)
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative (लोट्), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)
K
Kshatriya (kṣatriya)
V
Vaishya (vaiśya)
Y
Yajamana (yajamāna)
D
Deities (devatāḥ)
P
Puṇyāha proclamation (puṇyāhavācana)

Educational Q&A

Ritual speech is part of dharma: the same divine rite begins with prescribed auspicious proclamations, and Bhishma emphasizes that correct formulae and sequence (vidhi, ānupūrvya) matter, with minor variations according to the patron’s varna.

In Bhishma’s instruction on conduct (Anushasana Parva), he details how householders should commence deity-rites: what the patron says, how Brahmins respond with ‘puṇyāham,’ how the Kshatriya usage differs, and what benediction is used in a Vaishya’s rite, before moving on to the ordered procedures for the three varnas.