Shloka 78

Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu

Gṛhastha-Vrata

Devanagari script

स्वरेण विप्र: शैक्षेण त्रील्लॉकाननुनादयन्‌ । उवाच चैन धर्मज्ञ पूर्वमामन्त्रय नामत:

Transliteration

svareṇa vipraḥ śaikṣeṇa trīl lokān anunādayan | uvāca ca enaṃ dharmajñaḥ pūrvam āmantrya nāmataḥ |

Translation

Bhishma nói: Với giọng nói được rèn luyện theo phép học về âm và trọng âm, vị Bà-la-môn làm vang dội cả ba cõi. Trước hết, ông gọi đích danh người am tường dharma, rồi mới nói với ông như sau—đặt nền cho lời nói có kỷ luật và sự tiếp cận cung kính trước khi truyền đạt điều mình mang đến.

Word by Word

• स्वरेण: with (his) voice/tone
• स्वरेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• विप्रः: the brahmin
• विप्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शैक्षेण: with the (Vedic) phonetic/recitational (tone)
• शैक्षेण: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शैक्ष
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• त्रीन्: three
• त्रीन्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• लोकान्: worlds
• लोकान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अनुनादयन्: causing to resound/echoing
• अनुनादयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-नद्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धर्मज्ञ: O knower of dharma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पूर्वम्: first/previously
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्व

• आमन्त्रय: having addressed/invited
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-मन्त्र्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active

• नामतः: by name
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नामतः

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• a Brahmin (vipra)
• the three worlds (triloka)
• a dharma-knowing person (dharmajña; identified in the Hindi gloss as Sudarśana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds ethical communication: disciplined, correct speech (śikṣā and proper svara) and respectful address (calling by name, approaching properly) are presented as prerequisites for conveying dharma effectively.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma describes a learned Brahmin whose trained, resonant speech fills the worlds; the Brahmin first addresses a dharma-knowing person by name and then begins his statement, introducing an ensuing instruction or dialogue.