Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 48

Devanagari script

वैशम्पायन उवाच एवमुक्तस्तु गाड़ेय: पाण्डवानिदमब्रवीत्‌ | धृतराष्ट्रमुखां श्वापि सर्वाश्व सुहृदस्तथा

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: evam uktas tu gāṅgeyaḥ pāṇḍavān idam abravīt | dhṛtarāṣṭra-mukhāṃś ca api sarvān sva-suhṛdas tathā ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: Được nói như thế, Bhīṣma—con của sông Gaṅgā—liền thốt lời với các Pāṇḍava, và cũng với hết thảy những người thân hữu, đứng đầu là Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Word by Word

• वैशम्पायनः: Vaiśampāyana
• वैशम्पायनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैशम्पायन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• उक्तः: having been addressed / spoken to
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)

• तु: but/then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• गाङ्गेयः: the son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma)
• गाङ्गेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गाङ्गेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पाण्डवान्: the Pāṇḍavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अब्रवीत्: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• धृतराष्ट्रमुखान्: those headed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• धृतराष्ट्रमुखान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्रमुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सुहृदः: well-wishers/friends
• सुहृदः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Gāṅgeya (Bhīṣma)
• Pāṇḍavas
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Gaṅgā

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse signals that dharma-instruction is not private advice to a single party but guidance to be heard by all stakeholders—Pāṇḍavas, the elder king Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and the wider circle of well-wishers—underscoring shared moral accountability within a royal family and polity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana narrates a transition: after being addressed, Bhīṣma (Gāṅgeya) begins speaking. His forthcoming discourse is directed to the Pāṇḍavas and also to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and other allies/kinsmen present, setting the scene for a public, authoritative instruction.