Shloka 41

Devanagari script

पश्चिमां दिशमश्रित्य य एधन्ते निबोध तान्‌ । उषड्जू: सह सोदर्य: परिव्याधश्व वीर्यवान्‌

Transliteration

paścimāṃ diśam āśritya ye edhante nibodha tān | uṣaḍjūḥ saha sodaryāḥ parivyādhaś ca vīryavān ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Giờ hãy biết những vị hưng thịnh nhờ nương tựa phương Tây. Có Uṣaḍjū cùng các huynh đệ của mình, và cả Parivyādha dũng mãnh.”

Word by Word

• पश्चिमाम्: western
• पश्चिमाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पश्चिम
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• दिशम्: direction
• दिशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• आश्रित्य: having resorted to / having taken refuge in
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-श्रि
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एधन्ते: prosper / flourish
• Type: Verb
• Root: एध्
• Form: Present (Lat), Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• निबोध: know / understand (you should know)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-बुध्
• Form: Imperative (Lot), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• उषड्जूः: Uṣaḍjū (proper name)
• उषड्जूः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषड्जू
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• सोदर्यः: brother (uterine brother)
• सोदर्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोदर्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परिव्याधः: Parivyādha (proper name)
• परिव्याधः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिव्याध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वीर्यवान्: powerful / valorous
• वीर्यवान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर्यवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Western quarter (Paścima-diś)
• Uṣaḍjū
• Parivyādha
• Sodaryāḥ (brothers of Uṣaḍjū)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma is cataloguing notable powers by region, implying that prosperity and influence are tied to one’s sphere of support and alliances; a ruler should know who is strong where, and recognize the role of kinship (sodaryāḥ) and valor (vīrya) in sustaining political strength.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the course of Bhīṣma’s instruction, he points out those associated with the western quarter who are said to be thriving, naming Uṣaḍjū along with his brothers and the valiant Parivyādha.