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Shloka 42

अध्याय १६ — शङ्कर-उमा-वरदानम् तथा तण्डि-स्तुतिः (Śaṅkara–Umā Boon-Granting and Taṇḍi’s Hymn)

यं सांख्या गुणतत्त्वज्ञा: सांख्यशास्त्रविशारदा: । सूक्ष्मज्ञानतरा: सूक्ष्मं ज्ञात्वा मुच्यन्ति बन्धनै:

yaṃ sāṅkhyā guṇatattvajñāḥ sāṅkhyaśāstraviśāradāḥ | sūkṣmajñānatarāḥ sūkṣmaṃ jñātvā mucyanti bandhanaiḥ ||

Vāyu nói: “Thực tại vi tế ấy—điều mà các bậc Sāṅkhya, những người am tường các guṇa và các nguyên lý (tattva), tinh thông các luận thư Sāṅkhya và sở hữu tuệ giác cực kỳ tinh vi—đã chứng tri; một khi đã biết Đấng vi tế ấy, họ được giải thoát khỏi mọi ràng buộc.”

यम्whom/which
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
सांख्याःSāṅkhyas (followers of Sāṅkhya)
सांख्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसांख्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणतत्त्वज्ञाःknowers of the guṇas and tattvas
गुणतत्त्वज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणतत्त्वज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सांख्यशास्त्रविशारदाःwell-versed in Sāṅkhya-śāstra
सांख्यशास्त्रविशारदाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसांख्यशास्त्रविशारद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सूक्ष्मज्ञानतराःpossessing subtler knowledge (comparative)
सूक्ष्मज्ञानतराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्मज्ञानतर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सूक्ष्मम्the subtle (principle/entity)
सूक्ष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
मुच्यन्तिare released / become free
मुच्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada (passive sense), Third, Plural
बन्धनैःfrom bonds/bondage
बन्धनैः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
S
Sāṅkhyas (Sāṅkhya philosophers/yogins)
G
Guṇas
T
Tattvas
S
Sāṅkhya-śāstra

Educational Q&A

Liberation (mokṣa) comes through realizing a subtle ultimate principle: those trained in Sāṅkhya—who discern the guṇas and tattvas with refined insight—are freed from bondage once that subtle Reality is truly known.

Vāyudeva is speaking and points to a highest, subtle principle known to advanced Sāṅkhya experts; he emphasizes that its realization breaks all bonds, framing the discussion as a teaching on the means and goal of spiritual release.