Shloka 2

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्‌ । पवनस्य च संवादमर्जुनस्य च भारत

Transliteration

Bhīṣma uvāca: atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṁ purātanam | pavanasya ca saṁvādam arjunasya ca bhārata ||

Translation

Bhīṣma đáp: “Hỡi hậu duệ Bharata, về việc này, người trí cũng thường nêu một tiền lệ cổ xưa—một chuyện sử xưa—đó là cuộc đối thoại giữa Thần Gió (Pavana) và Arjuna.”

Word by Word

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अत्र: here; in this matter
• अत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• उदाहरन्ति: they cite; they give as an example
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-आ-हृ
• Form: Present, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• इमम्: this
• इमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इतिहासम्: ancient tale; historical account
• इतिहासम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इतिहास
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पुरातनम्: ancient; old
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरातन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पवनस्य: of the Wind (Vayu)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पवन
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• संवादम्: dialogue; conversation
• संवादम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवाद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अर्जुनस्य: of Arjuna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भारत: O Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Pavana (Vāyu, Wind-god)
• Arjuna
• Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma frames his instruction by appealing to itihāsa (authoritative ancient precedent): ethical guidance is strengthened by citing exemplary narratives and dialogues of revered figures.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma introduces an old story as an illustration, announcing that the coming example is a dialogue between the Wind-god (Pavana/Vāyu) and Arjuna, addressed to ‘O Bharata’ (Yudhiṣṭhira).