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Shloka 53

Adhyāya 152 — Bhīṣma’s Authorization for Yudhiṣṭhira’s Return to the Capital (नगरप्रवेशानुज्ञा)

व्रतं चरति या नित्यं दुश्चवरं लघुसत्त्वया । पतिचित्ता पतिहिता सा पतिव्रतभागिनी

vrataṃ carati yā nityaṃ duścaraṃ laghu-sattvayā | pati-cittā pati-hitā sā pati-vrata-bhāginī ||

Maheshvara nói: “Người phụ nữ nào, tuy sức lực mảnh mai, vẫn hằng ngày gánh vác và giữ trọn một lời nguyện khó khăn—tâm luôn hướng về chồng, mọi việc đều vì lợi ích của chồng—người ấy thật sự được chia phần địa vị và công đức của một pativratā (người vợ tận hiến cho chồng).”

व्रतम्vow, observance
व्रतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चरतिpractises, observes
चरति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
याwho (she)
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always, constantly
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
दुश्चरम्hard to practise
दुश्चरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुश्चर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
लघुसत्त्वयाby/with a weak nature (little strength of mind)
लघुसत्त्वया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootलघुसत्त्व
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
पतिचित्ताhaving her mind fixed on her husband
पतिचित्ता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपतिचित्त
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पतिहिताdevoted to her husband’s welfare
पतिहिता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपतिहित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पतिव्रतभागिनीa possessor/partaker of the status of a devoted wife (pativratā)
पतिव्रतभागिनी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपतिव्रतभागिनी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrīmaheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
P
pati (husband)
P
pativratā (ideal of devoted wife)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines pativratā not merely as a label but as a lived discipline: steadfast practice of a demanding vow, mental fidelity (pati-cittā), and active commitment to the husband’s welfare (pati-hitā). Ethical worth is tied to sustained conduct and intention.

Śrīmaheśvara is describing the qualities by which a woman is recognized as truly participating in the merit/status of a pativratā—emphasizing continuous observance of a difficult discipline even when physically delicate, along with husband-centered intention and beneficent action.