Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 41

कालयुक्तधर्मविवेकः

Discerning Dharma in Accord with Time

उमोवाच महान्‌ मे संशय: कक्रिन्मर्त्यान्‌ प्रति महेश्वर । तस्मात्‌ त्वं नैपुणेनाद्य मम व्याख्यातुमहसि,उमाने पूछा-महेश्वर! मुझे मनुष्योंके विषयमें एक महान्‌ संशय है। आप अच्छी तरह उस संशयका समाधान करें

umovāca mahān me saṁśayaḥ kṛtsnaṁ martyān prati maheśvara | tasmāt tvaṁ naipuṇenādya mama vyākhyātum arhasi ||

Umā thưa rằng: “Ôi Maheśvara, trong lòng thiếp đã dấy lên một mối nghi vấn lớn về loài người. Vì vậy, hôm nay xin Ngài dùng trọn vẹn sự minh triết mà giảng giải rõ ràng cho thiếp, để dứt sạch điều ngờ vực.”

उमाUmā
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कःwhat? / which?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्done / made
कृत्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
मर्त्यान्mortals / human beings
मर्त्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रतिtowards / with regard to
प्रति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
महेश्वरO Mahēśvara (Great Lord)
महेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootमहेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
नैपुणेनwith skill / expertly
नैपुणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनैपुण्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अद्यtoday / now
अद्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
ममmy / of me
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
व्याख्यातुम्to explain
व्याख्यातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootव्याख्या + तुमुन् (व्याख्यातुम्)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
अर्हसिyou ought / you are able
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Second, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

U
Umā (Pārvatī)
M
Maheśvara (Śiva)

Educational Q&A

The verse models dharmic inquiry: when a moral or existential doubt arises about human conduct, one should seek a competent teacher and request a clear, reasoned explanation rather than remain in confusion.

Umā addresses Maheśvara and introduces a major doubt concerning mortals; she asks him to explain it skillfully, setting up a didactic exchange in which Śiva will clarify the issue.