Shloka 12

धर्मनिन्दा–धर्मोपासनाफलम् तथा साध्वाचारलक्षणम्

Fruits of Disparaging vs. Observing Dharma; Marks of Good Conduct

Devanagari script

तत्रासौ निरयं प्राप्तो वर्णभ्रष्टो बहिष्कृत: | ब्रह्मलोकात्‌ परिश्रष्ट: शूद्र: समुपजायते

Transliteration

tatrāsau nirayaṁ prāpto varṇabhraṣṭo bahiṣkṛtaḥ | brahmalokāt pariśraṣṭaḥ śūdraḥ samupajāyate ||

Translation

Ở đó, sa vào địa ngục, kẻ ấy trở thành người đã trượt khỏi trật tự xã hội được ấn định và bị khai trừ. Bị tước mất con đường đến Brahmaloka, về sau hắn lại sinh ra làm Śūdra. Bài kệ đặt điều này như hệ quả đạo đức của việc bỏ bổn phận và nếp hạnh đã được quy định, xem nhân quả nghiệp báo (karma và tái sinh) là cơ chế điều chỉnh địa vị xã hội và tinh thần.

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• असौ: that (man)
• असौ: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: असद्/असौ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निरयम्: hell
• निरयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निरय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्राप्तः: having reached / having obtained
• प्राप्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वर्णभ्रष्टः: fallen from (his) varna
• वर्णभ्रष्टः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्ण-भ्रष्ट
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• बहिष्कृतः: excluded / cast out
• बहिष्कृतः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: बहिस्-कृ
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ब्रह्मलोकात्: from Brahmaloka
• ब्रह्मलोकात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मलोक
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• परिश्रष्टः: fallen away / slipped down (from)
• परिश्रष्टः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-श्रंस्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शूद्रः: a Shudra
• शूद्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समुपजायते: is born / comes into existence
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उप-जन
• Form: Present (Lat), Atmanepada, Third, Singular

Speaker

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śrī Maheśvara (speaker)
• Niraya (hell)
• Brahmaloka
• Śūdra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that abandoning one’s prescribed dharma and conduct leads to spiritual and social downfall: loss of higher attainments (like Brahmaloka), suffering in hell, and an inferior rebirth. It presents karma as the mechanism linking ethical deviation to future consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

Maheśvara describes the post-mortem fate of a person who has become varṇabhraṣṭa and socially excluded: he falls into niraya, is cut off from Brahmaloka, and is subsequently reborn as a Śūdra.