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Shloka 60

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

(तथैव शूद्रा विहिता: सर्वधर्मप्रसाधका: । शूद्राश्न॒ यदि ते न स्यु: कर्मकर्ता न विद्यते ।।

śrīmaheśvara uvāca |

tathaiva śūdrā vihitāḥ sarvadharma-prasādhakāḥ |

śūdrāś ca yadi te na syuḥ karmakartā na vidyate ||

trayaḥ pūrve śūdramūlāḥ sarve karmakarāḥ smṛtāḥ |

brāhmaṇādiṣu śuśrūṣā dāsadharma iti smṛtaḥ ||

vārtā ca kāru-karmāṇi śilpaṁ nāṭyaṁ tathaiva ca |

ahiṁsakaḥ śubhācāro daivata-dvija-vandakaḥ ||

śūdro dharma-phalair iṣṭaiḥ svadharmeṇopayujyate |

evamādi tathānyac ca śūdradharma iti smṛtaḥ ||

etat te sarvam ākhyātaṁ cāturvarṇyasya śobhane |

ekaikasyeha subhage kim anyac chrotum icchasi śobhane ||

Śrī Maheśvara nói: “Cũng vậy, Śūdra được quy định là những người góp phần làm cho toàn bộ trật tự dharma được hoàn thành. Nếu không có Śūdra, sẽ không có ai đảm đương công việc phục dịch. Ba varṇa trước đều được nói là có gốc ở Śūdra, vì chính Śūdra được xem là người làm lao dịch phục vụ; việc phụng sự Brāhmaṇa và các bậc khác được ghi nhớ là bổn phận của người tôi tớ (dāsa), tức của Śūdra. Buôn bán, mưu sinh bằng thương nghiệp, công việc thợ thủ công, nghề nghề, và cả nghệ thuật trình diễn (nāṭya) cũng được tuyên là bổn phận của Śūdra. Người ấy nên bất bạo động, giữ hạnh lành, kính ngưỡng chư thiên và tôn kính những người hai lần sinh. Nhờ dharma của chính mình, Śūdra đạt được những quả lành như ý của dharma. Như thế, và còn theo nhiều cách khác, dharma của Śūdra được truyền dạy. Tất cả điều ấy ta đã giảng cho nàng, hỡi người đẹp, về trật tự bốn varṇa—từng varṇa một. Hỡi phu nhân hữu phúc, nàng còn muốn nghe điều gì nữa?”

तथैवjust so; likewise
तथैव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा + एव
शूद्राःŚūdras
शूद्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विहिताःare prescribed/ordained
विहिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + धा (विहित)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वधर्मप्रसाधकाःaccomplishers of all dharmas
सर्वधर्मप्रसाधकाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वधर्मप्रसाधक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूद्राःŚūdras
शूद्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्युःwould be
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
कर्मकर्ताa doer of work; worker
कर्मकर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मकर्ता
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेexists; is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विद्यते)
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पूर्वेformer; earlier
पूर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूद्रमूलाःhaving the Śūdra as their root/origin
शूद्रमूलाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशूद्रमूल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कर्मकराःworkers; laborers
कर्मकराः:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्मृताःare considered/remembered (as)
स्मृताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्मृ (स्मृत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणादिषुamong Brahmins etc.
ब्राह्मणादिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणादि
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
शुश्रूषाservice; attendance
शुश्रूषा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशुश्रूषा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दासधर्मःthe duty of a servant
दासधर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootदासधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्मृतःis declared/considered
स्मृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्मृ (स्मृत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वार्ताtrade; agriculture/commerce
वार्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवार्ता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कारुकर्माणिcraftsmen’s works
कारुकर्माणि:
TypeNoun
Rootकारुकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
शिल्पम्craft; art
शिल्पम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशिल्प
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नाट्यम्drama; acting
नाट्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनाट्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथैवlikewise
तथैव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा + एव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अहिंसकःnon-violent
अहिंसकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअहिंसक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुभाचारःof good conduct
शुभाचारः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दैवतद्विजवन्दकःone who venerates gods and twice-born
दैवतद्विजवन्दकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदैवतद्विजवन्दक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःa Śūdra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मफलैःby/with the fruits of dharma
धर्मफलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मफल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
इष्टैःdesired; wished-for
इष्टैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
स्वधर्मेणby his own duty
स्वधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उपयुज्यतेis benefited; partakes; is employed
उपयुज्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + युज्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
आदिand so on
आदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
तथाalso; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अन्यत्other (things)
अन्यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शूद्रधर्मःŚūdra-duty
शूद्रधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्मृतःis declared/considered
स्मृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्मृ (स्मृत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आख्यातम्told; explained
आख्यातम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ + ख्या (आख्यात)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यof the fourfold varṇa-system
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
शोभनेO fair one
शोभने:
TypeNoun
Rootशोभन
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
एकैकस्यof each one (separately)
एकैकस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootएकैक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
इहhere; in this context
इह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
सुभगेO fortunate one
सुभगे:
TypeNoun
Rootसुभग
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्यत्else; other
अन्यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormInfinitive
इच्छसिyou wish
इच्छसि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
शोभनेO fair one
शोभने:
TypeNoun
Rootशोभन
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Śiva)
Ś
Śūdra
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya
D
dvija (the twice-born)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames the Śūdra’s role as essential to sustaining the wider dharmic order through service and practical occupations, while emphasizing ethical restraints (non-violence, good conduct) and reverence toward deities and the twice-born; it also asserts that fulfilling one’s own duty (svadharma) yields the desired fruits of dharma.

Śrī Maheśvara continues a didactic explanation of cāturvarṇya, describing the duties and virtues associated with the Śūdra and then concluding that he has explained the dharmas of all four varṇas one by one, asking the listener what else she wishes to hear.