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Shloka 42

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

भुक्ते परिजने पश्चाद्‌ भोजन धर्म उच्यते । ब्राह्मणस्य गृहस्थस्य श्रोत्रियस्थ विशेषत:

bhukte parijane paścād bhojanaṁ dharma ucyate | brāhmaṇasya gṛhasthasya śrotriyastha viśeṣataḥ ||

Maheshvara nói: “Chỉ sau khi những người lệ thuộc và các thành viên trong gia quyến đã ăn xong, việc tự mình dùng bữa mới được tuyên là hạnh đúng pháp. Đây được dạy là bổn phận trọng yếu, đặc biệt đối với một Bà-la-môn ở địa vị gia chủ—nhất là đối với người śrotriya (Bà-la-môn thông Veda, đã được huấn luyện và uyên bác).”

भुक्तेhas eaten / has been eaten
भुक्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formलिट् (perfect), आत्मनेपद, 3, singular
परिजनेin/among the household members (dependents)
परिजने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिजन
Formmasculine, locative, singular
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
भोजनम्eating; meal (one's eating)
भोजनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
Formneuter, nominative, singular
धर्मःduty; righteous practice
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
उच्यतेis said / is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formलट् (present), आत्मनेपद, passive, 3, singular
ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
गृहस्थस्यof a householder
गृहस्थस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
श्रोत्रियस्यof a learned Veda-knower (śrotriya)
श्रोत्रियस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रोत्रिय
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
विशेषतःespecially
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī-Maheśvara
B
brāhmaṇa
G
gṛhastha
Ś
śrotriya
P
parijana (household/dependents)

Educational Q&A

A householder should prioritize feeding dependents and household members first; only afterward is one’s own meal considered dharmic—especially emphasized for a Brahmin, and even more for a Veda-trained śrotriya.

Maheśvara is instructing on gṛhastha-dharma within the Anuśāsana Parva, defining proper household conduct and the ethical order of eating as a marker of responsibility and restraint.