Shloka 39

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

Devanagari script

आहिताग्निरधीयानो जुहद्दान: संयतेन्द्रिय: । विघसाशी यताहारो गृहस्थ: सत्यवाक्‌ शुचि:

Transliteration

āhitāgnir adhīyāno juhad-dānaḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ | vighasāśī yatāhāro gṛhasthaḥ satyavāk śuciḥ ||

Translation

Mahādeva phán: “Người gia chủ phải là kẻ đã lập các ngọn lửa thiêng đúng phép và duy trì lễ Agnihotra; chuyên cần tự học Veda; siêng dâng cúng và bố thí; chế ngự các căn; chỉ ăn phần còn lại sau khi đã dâng lễ và đãi khách; tiết chế trong ăn uống; nói lời chân thật; và sống trong thanh tịnh.”

Word by Word

• आहिताग्निः: one who has established the sacred fires
• आहिताग्निः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहिताग्नि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अधीयानः: studying (reciting the Veda)
• अधीयानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधि-इ (अधीते)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present active participle, parasmaipada sense)

• जुहत्: offering (into the fire), performing oblations
• जुहत्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

• दानः: giver; one who gives (charity)
• दानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संयतेन्द्रियः: one whose senses are restrained
• संयतेन्द्रियः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संयतेन्द्रिय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विघसाशी: eating only after others/after offerings (leftovers)
• विघसाशी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विघसाशिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यताहारः: moderate in food; regulated diet
• यताहारः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यताहार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गृहस्थः: householder
• गृहस्थः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहस्थ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यवाक्: truth-speaking
• सत्यवाक्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्यवाच्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शुचिः: pure, clean
• शुचिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śrī Mahādeva (Śrī Maheśvara)
• gṛhastha (householder)
• āhita-agni (established sacred fires)
• Agnihotra (implied by āhitāgni and juhat)
• svādhyāya (implied by adhīyāna)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse defines the ethical and ritual ideal of a gṛhastha: sustaining sacred fires and daily offerings, continuing Vedic study, practicing charity, restraining the senses, eating moderately and only after duties of offering and hospitality, speaking truth, and maintaining purity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śrī Maheśvara is instructing on gṛhastha-dharma within Anuśāsana Parva’s broader teachings on right conduct, listing the qualities and disciplines that make a householder’s life dharmic.