Shloka 2
Adhyāya 142: Cyavana, the Devas’ Arrogance, and Vāyu’s Counsel on Protecting Brāhmaṇas
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच शृणु यैर्धर्मनिरतैस्तपसा भावितात्मभि: । लोका हासंशयं प्राप्ता दानपुण्यरतैर्नुपै:
Translation
Bhīṣma đáp: “Hãy nghe đây, Yudhiṣṭhira. Những vị vua chí thành với dharma, tâm hồn được tôi luyện bởi khổ hạnh, lại chuyên cần tích lũy công đức bố thí—họ không chút nghi ngờ đã đạt được nhiều cõi lành. Ta sẽ kể tên họ; hãy lắng nghe.”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शृणुlisten
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यैःby whom / by which (persons)
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
धर्म-निरतैःdevoted to dharma
धर्म-निरतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मनिरत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
भावित-आत्मभिःwith purified/ennobled selves
भावित-आत्मभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootभावितात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
लोकाःworlds (realms)
लोकाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
असंशयम्undoubtedly
असंशयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअसंशय
प्राप्ताःattained
प्राप्ताः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्राप्त
FormPast (PPP), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (participial)
दान-पुण्य-रतैःengaged in gifts and merit
दान-पुण्य-रतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदानपुण्यरत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नृपैःby kings
नृपैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes