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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 17

अत्रेः तपोबलप्रकाशः तथा च्यवनस्य सोमाधिकारः

Atri’s Illumination by Tapas; Cyavana and Soma-Entitlement

मृतस्य दशरात्रेण प्रायश्चित्तानि दापयेत्‌ सावित्री रैवतीमिष्टिं कृूष्माण्डमघमर्षणम्‌

mṛtasya daśarātreṇa prāyaścittāni dāpayet | sāvitrīṃ raivatīm iṣṭiṃ kūṣmāṇḍam aghamarṣaṇam ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Nếu trong mười ngày ô uế sau một cái chết, có người đến ăn uống tại nhà kẻ khác, thì phải khiến người ấy làm các phép sám hối. Phương thuốc là tụng niệm thần chú Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī), thực hành nghi thức Raivatī, cử hành lễ iṣṭi tẩy uế, đọc công thức Kūṣmāṇḍa, và tụng thánh ca Aghamarṣaṇa—nhờ đó gột sạch lỗi lầm và phục hồi sự đúng đắn về nghi lễ lẫn đạo hạnh.”

मृतस्यof the dead (person)
मृतस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत (√मृ)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
दशरात्रेणby/within ten nights (i.e., ten days period)
दशरात्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदशरात्र
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रायश्चित्तानिexpiations
प्रायश्चित्तानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रायश्चित्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
दापयेत्should cause (someone) to perform / should have done
दापयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√दा (दापयति, causative)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Causative
सावित्रीम्the Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī-mantra)
सावित्रीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसावित्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रैवतीम्the Raivatī (hymn/rite named Raivatī)
रैवतीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरैवती
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इष्टिम्an iṣṭi (sacrificial offering/rite)
इष्टिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइष्टि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कूष्माण्डम्the Kūṣmāṇḍa (rite/anuvāka named Kūṣmāṇḍa)
कूष्माण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकूष्माण्ड
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अघमर्षणम्the Aghamarṣaṇa (purificatory hymn/japa)
अघमर्षणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअघमर्षण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī mantra)
R
Raivatī
I
Iṣṭi
K
Kūṣmāṇḍa (anuvāka)
A
Aghamarṣaṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that violations committed during the sensitive period of death-impurity (maraṇa-āśauca) require deliberate expiation. Dharma is maintained not only by avoiding improper conduct but also by restoring purity through prescribed mantra-recitation and rites when a lapse occurs.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhīṣma lays down a specific rule: if someone eats food while under the ten-day death-impurity connected with another household, he should undertake named purificatory recitations/rites—Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī), Raivatī, an iṣṭi, Kūṣmāṇḍa, and Aghamarṣaṇa—to remove the fault.