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Shloka 18

Viṣṇu-sahasranāma—Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Recitation (विष्णोर्नामसहस्रम्)

जब मनुष्य प्रेतलोकको जाता है, उस समय सूर्यदेव वे सारी वस्तुएँ उसे अर्पित कर देते हैं और पुण्यात्मा पुरुष परलोकमें उन वस्तुओंका उपभोग करता है ।।

yama uvāca | yadā manuṣyaḥ pretalokaṃ gacchati tadā sūryadevaḥ sarvāṇi vastūni tasmai arpayati, puṇyātmā ca puruṣaḥ paraloke tāni vastūni upabhuṅkte || kiñcid dharmaṃ pravakṣyāmi citraguptamataṃ śubham | pānīyaṃ caiva dīpaṃ ca dātavyaṃ satataṃ tathā ||

Diêm Vương nói: “Khi một người đi đến cõi của kẻ đã khuất, Thần Mặt Trời dâng trao cho người ấy tất cả những lễ vật ấy, và linh hồn chính trực được thọ hưởng chúng ở đời sau. Nay ta sẽ tuyên bày một phần dharma cát tường, theo quan điểm của Citragupta: hãy luôn bố thí nước uống, và cũng hãy luôn bố thí một ngọn đèn (ánh sáng).”

किंचित्a little, somewhat
किंचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिंचित्
Formavyaya
धर्मम्dharma, duty, religious practice
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall declare / explain
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formsimple future (luṭ), parasmaipada, 1st person, singular
चित्रगुप्तof Chitragupta
चित्रगुप्त:
TypeNoun
Rootचित्रगुप्त
Formmasculine, genitive, singular (as first member in compound)
मतम्opinion, doctrine
मतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमत
Formneuter, accusative, singular
शुभम्auspicious, beneficial
शुभम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
Formneuter, accusative, singular
पानीयम्water (for drinking), water-offering
पानीयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपानीय
Formneuter, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formavyaya
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formavyaya
दीपम्lamp, light
दीपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदीप
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formavyaya
दातव्यम्should be given, is to be given
दातव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formgerundive (tavya), neuter nominative/accusative singular; impersonal obligation
सततम्always, continually
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
Formavyaya (adverbial use)
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
Formavyaya

यम उवाच

Y
Yama
S
Suryadeva (Sun-god)
C
Chitragupta
P
Pretaloka
P
Paraloka
W
water (pānīya)
L
lamp/light (dīpa)

Educational Q&A

Regular charity—especially giving drinking water and offering light (a lamp)—is praised as auspicious dharma whose benefits accompany a person after death, becoming enjoyments in the other world.

Yama, speaking as the authority over the dead, explains how offerings made in life are conveyed in the afterlife: the Sun-god is described as delivering those gifts to the departed, and Yama then introduces Chitragupta’s ethical guidance emphasizing water-gift and lamp-gift.