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Shloka 9

Sāma (Sāntva) and Dāna: The Brāhmaṇa’s Conciliatory Release from a Rākṣasa

अन्ध॑ स्यात्‌ तम एवेदं न प्रज्ञायेत किंचन । चातुर्वर्ण्य न वर्तेत धर्माधमावृतानृते

andhaḥ syāt tam evedaṁ na prajñāyet kiñcana | cāturvarṇyaṁ na varteta dharmādharmāvṛtānṛte ||

Maitreya nói: “Không có các Bà-la-môn, toàn thế gian này sẽ trở nên mù lòa—bị phủ kín bởi bóng tối vô minh. Không ai còn phân biệt được điều gì; và trật tự bốn varṇa cũng không vận hành—cũng như chính những phân định giữa dharma và adharma, giữa chân thật và giả dối, sẽ bị che lấp và tiêu tan.”

अन्धःblind
अन्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तमःdarkness
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
इदम्this (world)
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रज्ञायेतwould be known/understood
प्रज्ञायेत:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
किञ्चनanything at all
किञ्चन:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिञ्चन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
चातुर्वर्ण्यम्the fourfold social order (of varnas)
चातुर्वर्ण्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वर्तेतwould exist/continue
वर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
धर्माधमौdharma and adharma
धर्माधमौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म + अधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
आवृतानृतेtruth and untruth
आवृतानृते:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआवृत + अनृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual

मैत्रेय उवाच

मैत्रेय (Maitreya)
ब्राह्मण (Brāhmaṇa)
चातुर्वर्ण्य (Cāturvarṇya)

Educational Q&A

The verse asserts that learned custodians of sacred knowledge and ethical instruction (here, Brahmins) are essential for preserving discernment (prajñā), sustaining the functioning of cāturvarṇya as an ordered society, and keeping clear moral and epistemic distinctions—dharma vs. adharma and truth vs. falsehood.

Maitreya is speaking within Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic setting, emphasizing the societal and moral consequences of the absence of Brahmins: ignorance spreads, social roles collapse, and moral categories become obscured.