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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 20

Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda

Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni

आत्मौपम्येन मन्तव्यं बुद्धिमद्धिः कृतात्मभि: । मृत्युतो भयमस्तीति विदुषां भूतिमिच्छताम्‌

ātmaupamyena mantavyaṃ buddhimadbhiḥ kṛtātmabhiḥ | mṛtyuto bhayam astīti viduṣāṃ bhūtim icchatām ||

Bhīṣma nói: Người trí và kẻ tự chế phải suy xét bằng cách lấy mình làm chuẩn—xem mọi loài như chính bản thân. Ngay cả bậc học giả mưu cầu lợi ích cho mình vẫn mang nỗi sợ chết; vậy thì làm sao những sinh vật vô tội, khỏe mạnh, khát vọng được sống lại không sợ hãi khi bị bọn người tội lỗi, lấy thịt làm kế sinh nhai, cưỡng bức giết hại?

आत्मौपम्येनby self-comparison / by considering oneself as the standard
आत्मौपम्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्म-उपम्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मन्तव्यम्should be thought/considered
मन्तव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्तव्य
FormGerundive (obligative), Singular
बुद्धिमद्भिःby the intelligent (people)
बुद्धिमद्भिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कृतात्मभिःby the self-controlled / purified-souled
कृतात्मभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
मृत्युतःfrom death
मृत्युतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular
इतिthus/that
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विदुषाम्of the learned
विदुषाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भूतिम्welfare/prosperity
भूतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छताम्of those desiring
इच्छताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent participle (parasmaipada), Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Use ātmaupamya—placing oneself in another’s position—as an ethical test: since everyone fears death and seeks well-being, one should not cause fear and harm to other living beings, especially the innocent.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira on dharma and right conduct. Here he argues from a universal human experience—fear of death—to ground compassion toward all creatures and to condemn violent killing driven by appetite or livelihood.