Shloka 3

Dvaipāyana–Kīṭa Saṃvāda: Karmic Memory, Fear of Death, and Embodied Pleasure

Devanagari script

कर्मणा मनुज: कुर्वन्‌ हिंसां पार्थिवसत्तम | वाचा च मनसा चैव कथं दु:खात्‌ प्रमुच्यते

Transliteration

karmāṇā manuṣaḥ kurvan hiṁsāṁ pārthiva-sattama | vācā ca manasā caiva kathaṁ duḥkhāt pramucyate ||

Translation

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Hỡi bậc vương giả tối thượng, nếu một người gây bạo hại bằng hành động, lại còn bằng lời nói và cả trong tâm ý, thì làm sao có thể thoát khỏi nỗi khổ mà bạo hại ấy đem đến?”

Word by Word

• कर्मणा: by action/deed
• कर्मणा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• मनुजः: a man/human
• मनुजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कुर्वन्: doing/performing
• कुर्वन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हिंसाम्: violence/harm
• हिंसाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिंसा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• पार्थिवसत्तम: O best of kings
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थिव-सत्तम
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• वाचा: by speech/with words
• वाचा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• मनसा: by mind/mentally
• मनसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• कथम्: how?
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम्

• दुःखात्: from suffering
• दुःखात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• प्रमुच्यते: is released/freed
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-मुच्
• Form: Lat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive (karmani)

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira