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Shloka 43

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

शास्त्र, इतिहास और वेदमें जो यह बात बतायी गयी है कि मनुष्य इस लोकमें पाप करनेपर मृत्युके पश्चात्‌ यमराजके भयंकर लोकमें जाता है, यह सत्य ही है ।।

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śāstre itihāse ca vede ca yad idaṃ proktaṃ yat manuṣya iha loke pāpaṃ kṛtvā mṛtyoḥ paścād yamarājasya bhayānake loke gacchati, tat satyam eva || iha sthānāni puṇyāni devatulyāni bhūpate | tiryag-yony-atiriktāni gatimanti ca sarvaśaḥ || bhūpāla! asmin yama-loke deva-loka-samāni puṇya-mayāni sthānāni santi, yatra tiryag (kīṭa-pataṅgādi) yoni-jīvān vihāya sarve puṇyātmānaḥ jaṅgamā jīvā gacchanti |

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Điều được tuyên trong śāstra, trong truyền thống Itihāsa và trong Veda—rằng kẻ làm ác ở đời này, sau khi chết sẽ đi đến cõi ghê rợn của Yama—quả thật là chân lý. Tuy vậy, hỡi đại vương, ngay trong thế giới của Yama ấy cũng có những trú xứ công đức, sánh với cõi trời. Đến những nơi ấy, mọi hữu tình có công đức thuộc loài ‘động’ đều được đi, trừ những kẻ sinh trong loài súc sinh và các thai sinh hạ liệt (như côn trùng và tương tự).”

इहhere (in this world/region)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
स्थानानिplaces, abodes
स्थानानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
पुण्यानिmeritorious, holy
पुण्यानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
देवतुल्यानिequal to the gods, godlike
देवतुल्यानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवतुल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भूपतेO king (lord of the earth)
भूपते:
TypeNoun
Rootभूपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तिर्यग्योन्यतिरिक्तानिexcluding those of animal/low births (tiryak-yoni)
तिर्यग्योन्यतिरिक्तानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतिर्यग्योन्यतिरिक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
गतिमन्तिgo, attain (a destination)
गतिमन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वशःin every way; entirely; all around
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशः

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Y
Yama (Yamarāja)
Y
Yamaloka
D
Devaloka
V
Veda
I
Itihāsa
Ś
Śāstra

Educational Q&A

The verse affirms the moral causality taught by śāstra, itihāsa, and Veda: sinful actions lead after death to Yama’s fearsome realm; yet that realm also contains meritorious, deva-like abodes for the virtuous—highlighting that post-mortem experience is graded by karma, not a single uniform punishment.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a king and clarifies the doctrine of Yamaloka: it is not only a place of terror for sinners but also includes auspicious stations where virtuous beings proceed, with an explicit exclusion of beings in lower animal/insect births from those particular destinations.