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Shloka 33

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

बृहस्पतिजीने कहा--राजन्‌! जीव उस वीर्यमें प्रविष्ट होकर जब गर्भमें संनिहित होता है, तब वे पाँचों भूत शरीररूपमें परिणत हो उसे बाँध लेते हैं, फिर उन्हीं भूतोंसे विलग होनेपर वह दूसरी गतिको प्राप्त होता है ।।

bṛhaspatir uvāca—rājan! jīvaḥ tasmin vīrye praviśya yadā garbhe saṃnihitaḥ bhavati, tadā te pañca bhūtāni śarīrarūpeṇa pariṇatāni taṃ badhnanti; punaḥ tebhya eva bhūtebhyo vilagnena sa dvitīyāṃ gatiṃ prāpnoti || sarvabhūtasamāyuktaḥ prāptaḥ jīva eva hi | tato 'sya karma paśyanti śubhaṃ vā yadi vāśubham | devatāḥ pañcabhūtasthāḥ | kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotum icchasi ||

Bṛhaspati nói: “Tâu Đại vương, khi tự ngã sống (jīva) đi vào tinh chất và an lập trong bào thai, thì năm đại nguyên tố, đã biến thành hình thể thân xác, trói buộc nó. Khi lìa khỏi chính các nguyên tố ấy, nó đạt đến một nẻo đi khác. Quả thật, chính jīva mang thân—kết hợp với mọi nguyên tố—mới nếm trải lạc và khổ. Khi ấy, các vị thần chủ quản an trú trong năm nguyên tố nhìn xem nghiệp của nó là lành hay dữ. Nay ngài còn muốn nghe điều gì nữa?”

सर्वभूतसमायुक्तःendowed with all beings/elements
सर्वभूतसमायुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व-भूत-समायुक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्तःhaving attained/come
प्राप्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-आप् (प्राप्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जीवःthe living being (soul)
जीवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अस्यof him/of this (being)
अस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (अस्/एतद्-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
कर्मdeed, action
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पश्यन्तिthey see/observe
पश्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
शुभम्good, auspicious
शुभम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif/whether
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अशुभम्bad, inauspicious
अशुभम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुभ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
देवताःdeities (presiding powers)
देवताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
पञ्चभूतस्थाःsituated in the five elements
पञ्चभूतस्थाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च-भूत-स्थ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भूयःfurther/more/again
भूयः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस्
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (श्रोतुम्)
FormInfinitive
इच्छसिyou wish/desire
इच्छसि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

B
Bṛhaspati
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
J
jīva
P
pañca mahābhūta (five elements)
D
devatāḥ (presiding deities of the elements)
G
garbha (womb)

Educational Q&A

Embodiment is explained as the jīva becoming bound by the five elements that constitute the body; pleasure and pain are experienced in this embodied condition, and one’s future course (gati) follows upon separation from the elements, in accordance with the moral quality (śubha/aśubha) of one’s karma, witnessed by the presiding deities.

In Yudhiṣṭhira’s dialogue, Bṛhaspati continues an instruction on birth, embodiment, and post-mortem transition: how the jīva enters the womb, becomes bound in a body made of the five elements, and later departs to another state, with its deeds evaluated in terms of merit and demerit.