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Shloka 32

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

ब॒हस्पतिर्वाच आसमज़मात्र: पुरुषस्तैर्भूतैरभि भूयते । विप्रयुक्तश्न तैर्भूते: पुनर्यात्यपरां गतिम्‌

Bṛhaspatir uvāca: āsamañjamātraḥ puruṣas tair bhūtair abhibhūyate | viprayuktaś ca tair bhūtaiḥ punar yāty aparāṃ gatim ||

Bṛhaspati nói: Người chỉ hơi lệch lạc trong sự phán đoán liền bị các lực của những yếu tố (bhūta) lấn át. Nhưng khi tách rời khỏi chính các bhūta ấy, người ấy lại đạt đến một nẻo tồn tại cao hơn. Lời dạy này nhấn mạnh sự tự trị đạo đức: chỉ một sơ suất nhỏ trong minh triết cũng có thể để những xung lực thấp kém thống trị, còn sự lìa bỏ chúng sẽ phục hồi con đường thăng tiến.

बृहस्पतिःBṛhaspati
बृहस्पतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहस्पति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
आसमञ्जमात्रःonly slightly/merely confused (to a small extent)
आसमञ्जमात्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआसमञ्ज-मात्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तैःby those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
भूतैःby beings/elements
भूतैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
अभिभूयतेis overpowered
अभिभूयते:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-भू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
विप्रयुक्तःseparated/disjoined
विप्रयुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-प्र-युज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तैःby those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
भूतैःby beings/elements
भूतैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
यातिgoes/attains
याति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अपराम्another/further
अपराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्state/goal/going
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

B
Bṛhaspati
P
puruṣa
B
bhūta

Educational Q&A

Even a slight confusion in discernment allows lower elemental impulses (bhūtas) to overpower a person; freedom from those forces restores one’s ascent toward a higher state. The ethical emphasis is vigilance, restraint, and disentanglement from degrading tendencies.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-setting, Bṛhaspati speaks as a teacher, explaining to the inquirer (contextually within Yudhiṣṭhira’s broader questioning) how embodied beings can be dominated by elemental forces and how separation from them leads to a better destiny.