Previous Verse
Next Verse

Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 123

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

मत्स्यमांसमथो हृत्वा काको जायति दुर्मति: । लवणं चोरयित्वा तु चिरिकाक: प्रजायते

matsyamāṁsam atho hṛtvā kāko jāyati durmatiḥ | lavaṇaṁ corayitvā tu cirikākaḥ prajāyate |

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Kẻ tâm trí lệch lạc mà trộm cá và thịt thì tái sinh làm quạ. Còn kẻ trộm muối thì tái sinh làm cirikāka (một loài chim nhất định).” Câu kệ nhấn mạnh nguyên lý đạo đức rằng ngay cả những hành vi trộm cắp tưởng như nhỏ nhặt cũng mang quả báo nghiệp, định hình đời sau theo đúng bản chất của lỗi lầm đã gây.

मत्स्यfish
मत्स्य:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मांसम्meat
मांसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमांस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
हृत्वाhaving stolen/taken away
हृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ (हरति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
काकःa crow
काकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जायतिis born/becomes
जायति:
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (जायते)
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
दुर्मतिःevil-minded person / one of bad intellect
दुर्मतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्मति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
लवणम्salt
लवणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलवण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चोरयित्वाhaving stolen (lit. having caused to steal)
चोरयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootचुर् (चोरयति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active, true
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
चिरिकाकःa cirikāka (a kind of bird; lit. 'cirikā-crow')
चिरिकाकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचिरिकाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजायतेis born/comes into existence
प्रजायते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + जन् (प्रजायते)
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
kāka (crow)
C
cirikāka (a bird)
M
matsya (fish)
M
māṁsa (meat)
L
lavaṇa (salt)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches asteya (non-stealing) and the doctrine of karmic retribution: specific forms of theft lead to specific adverse rebirths, emphasizing that no act of dishonesty is morally trivial.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instruction context, Yudhiṣṭhira cites a rule-like statement about karmic outcomes: stealing fish/meat results in rebirth as a crow, while stealing salt results in rebirth as a cirikāka bird.