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Shloka 3

उपवासफलात्मकविधिः — Upavāsa as Yajña-Equivalent Merit

Angiras Teaching

नियमांश्नोपवासां श्व सर्वेषां ब्रूहि पार्थिव । आप्रोति कां गतिं तात उपवासपरायण:

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | Niyamān ca upavāsān ca sarveṣāṃ brūhi pārthiva | Āpnoti kāṃ gatiṃ tāta upavāsa-parāyaṇaḥ ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Muôn tâu Đại vương, xin giảng cho trẫm đầy đủ mọi phép tắc tu trì và các hình thức trai giới. Kính bậc trưởng thượng, người chuyên tâm giữ trai giới thì sẽ đạt đến số phận, cảnh giới nào?”

नियमान्rules, observances
नियमान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपवासान्fasts
उपवासान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
ब्रूहिtell (you should tell)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आप्नोतिattains
आप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
काम्which (what kind of)
काम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्state, course, destiny
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तातO dear one / O father (term of address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उपवास-परायणःone devoted to fasting
उपवास-परायणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames fasting (upavāsa) and disciplined observances (niyama) as ethically significant practices whose value lies in their intended spiritual outcome—prompting an inquiry into the ‘gati’ (destiny/attainment) that such self-restraint yields.

Yudhiṣṭhira, seeking guidance on dharma, respectfully asks a kingly authority to explain the methods of various observances and fasts, and specifically asks what final state is attained by one devoted to fasting.