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Shloka 15

उपवासविधि-प्रश्नः

Inquiry into the Discipline of Fasting

दश चैव पितृन्‌ माता सर्वा वा पृथिवीमपि । गौरवेणाभिभवति नास्ति मातृसमो गुरु:

daśa caiva pitṝn mātā sarvā vā pṛthivīm api | gauraveṇābhibhavati nāsti mātṛ-samo guruḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Mẹ vượt cả mười người cha; quả thật, bằng sức nặng của phẩm giá và giá trị của mình, mẹ làm lu mờ cả cõi đất. Vì thế, không có bậc thầy nào sánh bằng mẹ. Bài kệ này tôn việc kính mẹ làm bổn phận đạo đức trọng yếu, coi lòng tri ân và phụng dưỡng mẹ là một hình thức dharma tối thượng.”

दशten
दश:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पितॄन्fathers/forefathers
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
माताmother
माता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वाentire/all
सर्वा:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पृथिवीम्the earth
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
गौरवेणby (her) dignity/weightiness
गौरवेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगौरव
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अभिभवतिovercomes/surpasses
अभिभवति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-भू
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मातृ-समःequal to a mother
मातृ-समः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमातृ + सम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुःteacher/guru
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
mother (mātā)
F
fathers/forefathers (pitṛ)
E
earth (pṛthivī)
G
guru (teacher)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the mother holds the highest claim to reverence and gratitude—surpassing even multiple paternal authorities—and is therefore the foremost 'guru' in one’s moral life.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and right conduct; here he emphasizes the hierarchy of respect within family and society, placing the mother at the pinnacle.