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Shloka 47

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

अवलोक्यो न चादर्शो मलिनो बुद्धिमत्तरै: । न चाज्ञातां स्त्रियं गच्छेद्‌ गर्भिणीं वा कदाचन

avalokyo na cādarśo malino buddhimattaraiḥ | na cājñātāṃ striyaṃ gacched garbhiṇīṃ vā kadācana ||

Bhīṣma dạy về phép tắc thận trọng: người thật sự trí tuệ không nên soi mặt mình trong chiếc gương dơ bẩn; và tuyệt đối không nên đến gần một người phụ nữ xa lạ—cũng như một người phụ nữ đang mang thai. Lời răn nhấn mạnh sự tiết chế, thanh sạch, và tránh những cảnh huống dễ sinh nghi ngờ, rối loạn đạo lý, hoặc gây tổn hại.

अवलोक्यhaving looked (at)
अवलोक्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootअवलोक् (धातु)
Formल्यप् (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययार्थक अव्यय), कर्तरि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आदर्शःmirror
आदर्शः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदर्श
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मलिनःdirty, stained
मलिनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमलिन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिमत्तरैःby the wise
बुद्धिमत्तरैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अज्ञाताम्unknown, not acquainted (with)
अज्ञाताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअज्ञात
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
स्त्रियम्woman
स्त्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गच्छेत्should go
गच्छेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
गर्भिणीम्pregnant woman
गर्भिणीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भिणी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
कदाचनever, at any time
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
mirror (ādarśa)
U
unknown woman (ājñātā strī)
P
pregnant woman (garbhiṇī)

Educational Q&A

Maintain purity and discretion: avoid degrading or misleading self-regard (the dirty mirror) and avoid morally risky or socially harmful encounters (approaching unknown women or pregnant women).

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma and proper conduct, he lists practical prohibitions meant to guide a householder’s behavior and protect personal integrity and social order.