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Shloka 56

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

सरित: सागराश्षैव भावाभावौ च पन्नग । सर्वे कालेन सृज्यन्ते द्वियन्ते च पुन: पुन:

saritaḥ sāgarāś caiva bhāvābhāvau ca pannaga | sarve kālena sṛjyante dvīyante ca punaḥ punaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi loài rắn, sông ngòi cũng như biển cả, và cả những trạng thái tồn tại lẫn phi tồn tại—mọi sự đều do Thời Gian sinh ra, và hết lần này đến lần khác cũng chính Thời Gian làm cho tiêu mòn, suy giảm.”

सरितःrivers
सरितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसरित्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
सागराःoceans
सागराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसागर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/just/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
भावexistence/being
भाव:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभावौnon-existence (twofold/dual form as in the text)
अभावौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पन्नगO serpent (epithet used in address)
पन्नग:
TypeNoun
Rootपन्नग
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कालेनby time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सृज्यन्तेare created/are produced
सृज्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Plural
द्वियन्तेbecome twofold/are divided (as read in the text)
द्वियन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootद्वि
FormPresent, Middle/Atmanepada, Third, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
pannaga (serpent/Nāga addressee)
R
rivers (saritaḥ)
O
oceans (sāgarāḥ)
T
Time (kāla)

Educational Q&A

Time (kāla) is the universal force that both produces and erodes all phenomena—natural forms like rivers and oceans as well as abstract conditions like existence and non-existence—so one should understand impermanence and avoid pride or despair over changing fortunes.

Bhīṣma addresses a being called “pannaga” (a serpent/Nāga) and delivers a reflective statement on kāla: everything arises due to time and is repeatedly reduced by time, framing the discussion in a moral-philosophical register typical of the Anuśāsana Parva.