Shloka 51

Droṇa’s Ācārya-Dakṣiṇā: Capture of Drupada and Division of Pāñcāla (द्रोण-आचार्यदक्षिणा)

Devanagari script

विहारावसथेष्वेव वीरा वासमरोचयन्‌ । खिन्नस्तु बलवान्‌ भीमो व्यायम्याभ्यधिकं तदा

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: vihārāvasatheṣv eva vīrā vāsam arocayan | khinnas tu balavān bhīmo vyāyamyābhyadhikaṃ tadā ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: Khi cuộc vui dưới nước và trò tiêu khiển trong ngày đã dứt, những dũng sĩ Kuru ưu tú—mỏi mệt vì cuộc vui—mặc y phục sạch, đeo trang sức đẹp, và chọn nghỉ đêm ngay trong các lầu vui ấy. Nhưng Bhīma, tuy dũng mãnh, lúc ấy đặc biệt rã rời vì đã gắng sức quá mức.

Word by Word

• विहारावसथेषु: in the pleasure-dwellings / recreation-houses
• विहारावसथेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विहारावसथ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• एव: indeed; just; only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• वीराः: the heroes
• वीराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वासम्: dwelling; stay (for the night)
• वासम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वास
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अरोचयन्: they chose; they found pleasing; they decided upon
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुच्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada, Parasmaipada

• खिन्नः: weary; exhausted
• Type: Adjective
• Root: खिन्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तु: but; however
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• बलवान्: strong; mighty
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीमः: Bhima
• भीमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• व्यायम्य: having exerted himself; having exercised
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यायम्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada

• अभ्यधिकम्: excessively; more (than usual)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभ्यधिक
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तदा: then; at that time
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Kuru heroes (Kuruśreṣṭha vīrāḥ)
• Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
• vihārāvasatha (pleasure pavilions)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights moderation and awareness of human limits: even the strongest can be overcome by excessive exertion, so prudent conduct includes recognizing fatigue and its consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

After finishing their day’s recreation (including water-play), the Kuru princes decide to stay overnight in the pleasure pavilions; Bhīma, having overexerted himself, is notably tired.