Shloka 48

Droṇa’s Ācārya-Dakṣiṇā: Capture of Drupada and Division of Pāñcāla (द्रोण-आचार्यदक्षिणा)

Devanagari script

ततो दुर्योधनस्तत्र हृदयेन हसन्निव | कृतकृत्यमिवात्मानं मन्यते पुरुषाधम:

Transliteration

tato duryodhanas tatra hṛdayena hasann iva | kṛtakṛtyam ivātmānaṃ manyate puruṣādhamaḥ ||

Translation

Bấy giờ Duryodhana, như thể cười thầm trong lòng, tự cho mình là kẻ đã đạt được điều toan tính—một kẻ hèn mạt. Lòng hắn sắc như lưỡi dao, nhưng lời nói lại ngọt như rót cam lộ. Hắn giả làm anh em ruột thịt và bạn hiền, tự tay dọn ra đủ món cho Bhīmasena. Bhīmasena không hay biết lỗi hại trong đồ ăn, nên Duryodhana bày bao nhiêu, chàng ăn hết bấy nhiêu. Thấy vậy, Duryodhana ti tiện càng cười thầm, tự coi mình đã toại nguyện.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• हृदयेन: with (his) heart; inwardly
• हृदयेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृदय
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• हसन्: laughing
• Type: Verb
• Root: हस्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इव: as if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• कृतकृत्यम्: one who has accomplished his purpose
• कृतकृत्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतकृत्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इव: as if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• आत्मानम्: himself
• आत्मानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• मन्यते: thinks, considers
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन्
• Form: Lat (Present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular

• पुरुषाधमः: the vilest of men
• पुरुषाधमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुषाधम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Duryodhana

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse condemns inner malice concealed beneath outward propriety: a person may appear courteous, yet if the heart delights in harming others, that hidden intention marks ethical baseness (adharma).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana describes Duryodhana’s inner state at that moment: he secretly laughs to himself and feels his plan has succeeded, revealing his deceitful satisfaction despite any outward show of friendliness.