Shloka 19

Droṇa’s Ācārya-Dakṣiṇā: Capture of Drupada and Division of Pāñcāla (द्रोण-आचार्यदक्षिणा)

Devanagari script

कचेषु च निगृहौनान्‌ विनिहत्य बलाद्‌ बली | चकर्ष क्रोशतो भूमौ घृष्टजानुशिरोंड्सकान्‌

Transliteration

kaceṣu ca nigṛhītān vinihatya balād balī | cakarṣa krośato bhūmau ghṛṣṭa-jānu-śiro-'ṃsukān, rājan |

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: Bhīma dũng mãnh, dùng sức bắt giữ và áp đảo họ, rồi kéo lê đám thiếu niên Kaurava trên mặt đất giữa tiếng kêu khóc, khiến đầu gối, đầu và vai họ bị trầy xước. Đoạn này nhấn mạnh sự lấn át của Bhīma trong trò chơi thuở nhỏ, biến vui đùa thành nhục nhã và thương tích—mầm mống sớm của oán hờn và sự lệch lạc về đạo lý, về sau kết lại thành thù địch công khai giữa các người anh em họ.

Word by Word

• कचेषु: in/at the hair (locks)
• कचेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कच
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• निगृह्य: having seized/held down
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-ग्रह्
• Form: Absolutive (ktvā/lyap), Parasmaipada (usage)

• ऊनान्: inferior/younger/weaker (ones)
• ऊनान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऊन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• विनिहत्य: having struck down/overpowered
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नि-हन्
• Form: Absolutive (ktvā/lyap), Parasmaipada (usage)

• बलात्: by force
• बलात्: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• बली: the strong one
• बली: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• चकर्ष: dragged/pulled
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृष्
• Form: Perfect (liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• क्रोशतः: crying out (ones)
• क्रोशतः: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रोशत्
• Form: Present active participle (śatṛ), Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• भूमौ: on the ground
• भूमौ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• घृष्ट: abraded/scraped
• Type: Verb
• Root: घृष्
• Form: Past passive participle (kta), Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• जानु: knees
• Type: Noun
• Root: जानु
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• शिरः: heads
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिरस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• उरसकान्: shoulders/upper-bodies (lit. chest-ones)
• उरसकान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: उरसक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Kauravas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Physical power without self-restraint becomes a form of adharma when it humiliates and harms others; such acts, even in play, plant lasting resentment and contribute to future conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana describes Bhīma overpowering the Kaurava boys—grabbing them by the hair, subduing them, and dragging them on the ground as they cry—leaving them scraped and injured, underscoring the growing hostility between the cousins.