Shloka 99

Prāyaścitta for Theft, Forbidden Foods, Impurity, and Ritual Lapses; Tīrtha–Vrata Remedies; Pativratā Mahātmyam via Sītā and Agni

Devanagari script

उपोषितश्चतुर्दश्यां कृष्णपक्षे समाहितः / यमाच धर्मराजाय मृत्यवे चान्तकाय च

Transliteration

upoṣitaścaturdaśyāṃ kṛṣṇapakṣe samāhitaḥ / yamāca dharmarājāya mṛtyave cāntakāya ca

Translation

Sau khi trai giới vào ngày thứ mười bốn của nửa tháng tối (Kṛṣṇa-pakṣa), tâm an định và tự chế, người ta nên thờ phụng Yama—Dharma-rāja—cũng như Mṛtyu (Tử thần) và Antaka (Đấng Kết Liễu).

Word by Word

• उपोषितः: having fasted
• उपोषितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-वास् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अर्थः—fasted

• चतुर्दश्याम्: on the fourteenth (tithi)
• चतुर्दश्याम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर्दशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• कृष्ण-पक्षे: in the dark fortnight
• कृष्ण-पक्षे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुषप्रायः (कृष्णः पक्षः)

• समाहितः: composed, attentive
• समाहितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-धा (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थः—composed/collected (mind fixed)

• यमात्: from Yama
• यमात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• धर्मराजाय: to Dharma-rāja
• धर्मराजाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मराज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन

• मृत्यवे: to Death
• मृत्यवे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• अन्तकाय: to Antaka (the Ender)
• अन्तकाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

Speaker

Sūta (narrator) conveying the vrata-vidhi as taught in the Purāṇic discourse

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Dharma-raja
• Mrityu
• Antaka

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly: by prescribing fasting and inner composure while contemplating Yama as Death and the Ender, it points to vairāgya and discrimination between the perishable body and the enduring Self that is not slain by death.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

Upavāsa (fasting) joined with samādhāna/samāhitatā (mental collectedness). The practice is a dharma-based discipline that stabilizes the mind—an auxiliary to Yoga—by confronting mortality and strengthening restraint (yama as a principle of self-control).

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

This specific verse does not name Śiva or Viṣṇu; it reflects the Kurma Purana’s synthesis by framing devotional observance (vrata) and yogic composure as complementary paths—ethics and inner discipline—central to both Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava soteriology.