Shloka 45

Daily Duties of Brāhmaṇas: Snāna, Sandhyā, Sūrya-hṛdaya, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and the Pañca-mahāyajñas

Devanagari script

एतद् वै सूर्यहृदयं जप्त्वा स्तवमनुत्तमम् / प्रातः काले ऽथ मध्याह्ने नमस्कुर्याद् दिवाकरम्

Transliteration

etad vai sūryahṛdayaṃ japtvā stavamanuttamam / prātaḥ kāle 'tha madhyāhne namaskuryād divākaram

Translation

Sau khi tụng bài tán tụng vô thượng này gọi là “Sūrya-hṛdaya” (Trái Tim của Mặt Trời), người ấy nên cúi lạy Divākara—Đấng chiếu sáng ban ngày—vào lúc bình minh và lại một lần nữa vào giữa trưa.

Word by Word

• etat: this
• etat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; object of implied 'know/recite'

• vai: indeed
• vai: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) of emphasis/tradition

• sūryahṛdayam: Sūrya-hṛdaya (Sun-heart hymn)
• sūryahṛdayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sūrya + hṛdaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'sūryasya hṛdayam' (Sun's heart; name of hymn)

• japtvā: having recited
• japtvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jap (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), 'having recited'

• stavam: hymn; praise
• stavam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: stava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• anuttamam: unsurpassed; excellent
• anuttamam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anuttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifying stavam

• prātaḥ: in the morning
• prātaḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prātaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; temporal adverb (कालवाचक)

• kāle: at the time
• kāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular

• atha: then; and
• atha: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (निपात) indicating sequence

• madhyāhne: at midday
• madhyāhne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhyāhna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular

• namaskuryāt: should salute; should bow to
• namaskuryāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: namas + √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Vिधिलिङ्/Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; Parasmaipada; 'should bow'

• divākaram: the Sun (day-maker)
• divākaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divā + kara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; तत्पुरुष: 'divāyāḥ karaḥ' (maker of day)

Speaker

Purāṇic narrator (instructional voice within the Kurma Purana’s dharma-upadeśa context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Surya
• Divakara
• Surya-hridaya

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly: it frames disciplined reverence (japa and namaskāra) as a purifying practice that steadies the mind—supporting inner realization, even while the verse itself focuses on solar upāsanā rather than explicit ātma-tattva.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

Japa (repetitive recitation) of the Sūrya-hṛdaya and time-bound daily observance (dawn and midday salutation), aligning with purāṇic sādhana that supports concentration, niyama, and sattva—complementary to broader Yoga-shāstra disciplines.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It does so implicitly through the Kurma Purana’s integrative ethos: devotion to a cosmic deity like Sūrya functions within a unified dharmic framework where sectarian boundaries are softened, even though Śiva–Viṣṇu unity is not stated in this specific line.