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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 44

Yuga-Dharma: The Four Ages, Decline of Dharma, and the Rise of Social Order

ततस्ताः पर्यगृह्णन्त नदीक्षेत्राणि पर्वतान् / वृक्षगुल्मौषधीश्चैव प्रसह्य तु यथाबलम्

tatastāḥ paryagṛhṇanta nadīkṣetrāṇi parvatān / vṛkṣagulmauṣadhīścaiva prasahya tu yathābalam

Rồi họ tiến đến chiếm đoạt—bằng sức mạnh, tùy theo năng lực mỗi người—sông ngòi, ruộng đất, núi non, cùng cây cối, bụi rậm và các dược thảo.

tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla/Anantara (काल/अनन्तर)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAblatival adverb (तस्मात्-भाव)
tāḥthey (those)
tāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Plural (बहुवचन)
paryagṛhṇantaseized, took possession of
paryagṛhṇanta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpari + √grah (धातु)
FormLaṅ (लङ्, Imperfect), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
nadī-kṣetrāṇirivers and fields
nadī-kṣetrāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣetra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvandva (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व) 'nadyāḥ ca kṣetrāṇi ca' (collective); Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया 2), Plural (बहुवचन)
parvatānmountains
parvatān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootparvata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया 2), Plural (बहुवचन)
vṛkṣa-gulma-oṣadhīḥtrees, shrubs, and herbs
vṛkṣa-gulma-oṣadhīḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛkṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + gulma (प्रातिपदिक) + oṣadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvandva (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व) 'vṛkṣān ca gulmān ca oṣadhīś ca'; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग) by last member, Accusative (द्वितीया 2), Plural (बहुवचन)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
evaindeed
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), emphasis (अवधारण)
prasahyaforcibly, having overpowered
prasahya:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpra + √sah (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्-कृदन्त, अव्ययीभाव-प्रयोग), manner
tubut, indeed
tu:
Sambandha/Avadhāraṇa (सम्बन्ध/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), contrast/emphasis
yathā-balamaccording to (their) strength
yathā-balam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय) + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव) adverbial; Accusative-form used adverbially

Narrator (Purāṇic narration, traditionally through Vyāsa’s discourse)

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: karuna

R
Rivers
F
Fields (kṣetra)
M
Mountains (parvata)
T
Trees (vṛkṣa)
S
Shrubs (gulma)
M
Medicinal herbs (auṣadhī)

FAQs

Indirectly: by portraying forceful appropriation of nature, it highlights the opposite of Atman-centered vision—where one abides in inner fullness rather than grasping at external possessions.

No explicit practice is named in this verse; thematically it supports Yogic restraint (saṃyama) and non-possessiveness (aparigraha-like discipline), which the Kurma Purana later aligns with Shaiva-Vaishnava spiritual synthesis and self-mastery.

It does not state it directly; the verse functions as narrative groundwork where dharma and restraint are tested—principles that the Kurma Purana later frames through a unified Shaiva-Vaishnava theological lens.