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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 29

Invocation, Purāṇa Lakṣaṇas, Kurma at the Samudra-manthana, and Indradyumna’s Liberation Teaching

Iśvara-Gītā Prelude

देवाश्च तुष्टुवुर्देवं नारदाद्या महर्षयः / कूर्मरूपधरं दृष्ट्वा साक्षिणं विष्णुमव्ययम्

devāśca tuṣṭuvurdevaṃ nāradādyā maharṣayaḥ / kūrmarūpadharaṃ dṛṣṭvā sākṣiṇaṃ viṣṇumavyayam

Thấy vị Deva mang hình Kurma (rùa)—chính Viṣṇu, Đấng Chứng Tri bất hoại—chư Thiên cùng các đại hiền thánh do Nārada dẫn đầu đã dâng lời tán tụng Ngài.

देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
तुष्टुवुःpraised
तुष्टुवुः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootस्तु (धातु)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
देवम्the god
देवम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
नारद-आद्याःNārada and others
नारद-आद्याः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootनारद (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘Nārada and others’
महर्षयःgreat sages
महर्षयः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
कूर्म-रूप-धरम्bearing the tortoise-form
कूर्म-रूप-धरम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootकूर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक) + धर (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, धृ-धातु से)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (विष्णुम्)
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Anterior action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund): ‘having seen’
साक्षिणम्the witness
साक्षिणम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (विष्णुम्)
विष्णुम्Viṣṇu
विष्णुम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अव्ययम्imperishable
अव्ययम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (विष्णुम्): ‘imperishable’

Sūta (narrator) to the assembled sages (e.g., at Naimiṣāraṇya)

Primary Rasa: bhakti

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

V
Vishnu
K
Kurma (Tortoise incarnation)
N
Narada
D
Devas
M
Maharishis

FAQs

By calling Vishnu “sākṣin” (the Witness) and “avyaya” (imperishable), the verse points to the Supreme as the changeless inner observer beyond transient forms—an Atman/Ishvara teaching compatible with non-dual insight.

The key yogic cue is “sākṣin” (witnessing): cultivating sākṣī-bhāva—steady awareness that observes thoughts and events without attachment—supported by bhakti (praise) as a stabilizing discipline.

Though Vishnu is named, the emphasis on the imperishable Witness reflects the Purana’s integrative theology: the supreme principle praised by devas and sages is one, approached through different divine names in Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis.