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Shloka 36

Ahaṅkāra-Tripartition and the Rise of Indriyas, Devatās, and Cosmic Administrators

Devanagari script

तथा दशविधा ज्ञेया विश्वेदेवाः खगेश्वर / शृणु नामानि तेषां तु पुरूरवार्द्रवसंज्ञकौ

Transliteration

tathā daśavidhā jñeyā viśvedevāḥ khageśvara / śṛṇu nāmāni teṣāṃ tu purūravārdravasaṃjñakau

Translation

Cũng vậy, hỡi chúa tể loài chim, các Viśvedevas cần được hiểu là gồm mười vị. Nay hãy lắng nghe danh xưng của họ—khởi đầu là Purūravas và Ārdrava.

Word by Word
तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), उपपद/क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial)
दशविधाःof ten kinds
दशविधाः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject-complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootdaśa + vidhā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; ‘दश’ (numeral) + ‘विधा’ (kinds)
ज्ञेयाःto be known
ज्ञेयाः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject-complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootjñā (धातु) + ya (कृत्)
Formकृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/future passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘to be known’
विश्वेदेवाःthe Viśvedevas (all-gods)
विश्वेदेवाः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootviśve + devāḥ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः (‘all’ + ‘gods’)
खगेश्वरO lord of birds
खगेश्वर:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
TypeNoun
Rootkhaga + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th case/vocative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘lord of birds’)
शृणुhear
शृणु:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
नामानिnames
नामानि:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootnāman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), बहुवचन
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th case/genitive), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
तुindeed; but
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle), अवधान/विरोधार्थक
पुरूरवPurūravas
पुरूरव:
Apposition (विशेष्य-विशेषण/नामनिर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootpurūravas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (नाम)
आर्द्रवĀrdrava
आर्द्रव:
Apposition (विशेष्य-विशेषण/नामनिर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootārdrava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (नाम)
संज्ञकौ(the) two called/named
संज्ञकौ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject-complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃjñaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; ‘named/called’
Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śravaṇa (listening) and correct naming preserve the structure of the divine order; the many are approached through known groupings.

Vedantic Theme: Many deities as functional manifestations within one cosmic order; knowledge proceeds via nāma and guṇa (name and function).

Application: In recitation or study, learn deity-groups systematically; use attentive listening as a discipline (śravaṇa) before interpretation.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.5.37 (names continue); Garuda Purana 3.5.38 (summary; Ṛbhus and Pitṛs mentioned)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda (Khageśvara)
V
Viśvedevas
P
Purūravas
Ā
Ārdrava

FAQs

This verse frames the Viśvedevas as a defined group of ten and introduces their naming, which supports ritual and doctrinal clarity when invoking deity-classes in Purāṇic and Vedic contexts.

Indirectly: by cataloging deity-classes, the text establishes the cosmological and ritual framework that later passages use when describing post-death rites, invocations, and the divine order connected with śrāddha and afterlife teachings.

Use accurate deity names and categories when studying or performing traditional prayers/ancestral observances; it encourages precision in mantra, śrāddha references, and scriptural learning.

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