Shloka 58
Mahālakṣmī’s Forms, Brahmā’s Fourfold Origin, Vāyu’s Names and Soteriology, and Bhāratī’s Manifestations
तद्दुः खमुत्तरेषां च कलिपर्यन्तमेव च / भुनक्ति सर्वदा वीन्द्र ततः कलिरिति स्मृतः
tadduḥ khamuttareṣāṃ ca kaliparyantameva ca / bhunakti sarvadā vīndra tataḥ kaliriti smṛtaḥ
Chính nỗi khổ ấy được những kẻ đến sau luôn luôn nếm trải, kéo dài cho đến tận cùng thời Kali. Vì thế, hỡi Vīndra—hỡi Garuḍa, bậc tối thắng trong loài chim—nó được gọi là “Kali”, thời đại khiến chúng sinh phải chịu đựng (khổ ấy).
Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)
Concept: Kali is defined by the enduring experience of duhkha across successors; naming is tied to observed existential condition.
Vedantic Theme: Viveka about samsaric time: yugas are modes of collective guna; understanding the condition supports detachment and right striving.
Application: Adopt long-view discernment: reduce reactive despair; practice steady sadhana and dharma despite cyclical adversity.
Primary Rasa: karuna
Secondary Rasa: shanta
Related Themes: Garuda Purana yuga-characterizations and their effects on beings (general parallel)
FAQs
This verse frames Kali Yuga as the age in which suffering and its consequences are repeatedly endured by later generations, highlighting the long-lasting impact of dharma decline and karma.
It states that beings ‘undergo’ (bhunakti) the same suffering continuously, and that this condition persists up to the end of Kali—presenting misery as an ongoing karmic experience rather than a one-time event.
Treat present actions as long-term causes: strengthen dharma through ethical conduct, restraint, charity, and truthful living to reduce suffering’s continuation across time.