Shloka 39

Śrāddha Vidhi: Kāla (Timing), Pātra (Recipient), and Karma (Procedure) for Pitṛ-tarpaṇa and Piṇḍa

Devanagari script

दद्याद्वर्षात्रयोदश्यां मघासु च न संशयः / प्रतिपत्प्रभृतिष्वेवं कन्या दीञ्छ्राद्धदो लभेत्

Transliteration

dadyādvarṣātrayodaśyāṃ maghāsu ca na saṃśayaḥ / pratipatprabhṛtiṣvevaṃ kanyā dīñchrāddhado labhet

Translation

Chắc chắn nên cử hành lễ Śrāddha vào ngày trăng thứ mười ba trong mùa mưa, và cũng khi chòm sao (nakṣatra) Maghā hiện diện—không còn nghi ngờ. Bắt đầu từ ngày mồng một (pratipat) và theo đúng phép ấy, người làm Śrāddha sẽ đạt được phúc báo là có con gái.

Word by Word

• दद्यात्: one should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• वर्षा: year/rainy season
• वर्षा: Sambandha (Compound member/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे समासाङ्ग (in compound); ‘rainy season/year’

• त्रयोदश्याम्: on the thirteenth lunar day
• त्रयोदश्याम्: Adhikarana (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; तिथिवाचक

• मघासु: in (the) Maghā (asterism)
• मघासु: Adhikarana (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), बहुवचन; नक्षत्रवाचक

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation particle)

• संशयः: doubt
• संशयः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; ‘न संशयः’ इति वाक्यांशः

• प्रतिपत्: the first lunar day
• प्रतिपत्: Sambandha (Compound member/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतिपद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे समासाङ्ग (in compound); तिथिवाचक

• प्रभृतिषु: from … onwards
• प्रभृतिषु: Adhikarana (Scope/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभृति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), बहुवचन; ‘from … onwards’ (with pratipat-)

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (manner adverb)

• कन्या: a maiden/daughter
• कन्या: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन

• दीन्: the poor
• दीन्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), बहुवचन; ‘poor’ (qualifying recipients)

• श्राद्धदः: giver of śrāddha (offerings)
• श्राद्धदः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध-द (प्रातिपदिक; श्राद्धं ददाति इति)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (agent noun)

• लभेत्: would obtain
• लभेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: लभ् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in dialogue with Garuḍa/Vainateya)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Trayodaśī in varṣā-ṛtu; also when Maghā nakṣatra occurs; and from pratipat onward as prescribed.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śrāddha performed at specific tithis/seasonal timing and under Maghā nakṣatra yields definite phala, including progeny (a daughter).

Vedantic Theme: Kāla-niyati within karma: results depend on right action in right time; dharma harmonizes human aims with cosmic rhythms.

Application: Plan śrāddha observances with pañcāṅga guidance (tithi, nakṣatra, season), especially Maghā; perform with faith and correctness.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: household/śrāddha setting aligned to tithi-nakṣatra

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana śrāddha sections emphasizing Maghā and other pitṛ-nakṣatras; adjacent verses on tithi-specific fruits (1.99.39-41 sequence)

Characters & Entities

• Maghā (nakṣatra)

FAQs

What is the importance of performing Śrāddha on Trayodaśī and during Maghā in the Garuḍa Purāṇa?

This verse treats Trayodaśī (in the rainy season) and the Maghā nakṣatra as especially suitable times for Śrāddha, affirming their efficacy for Pitṛ-kārya and promising definite results.

How does this verse connect Śrāddha with outcomes in family life?

It explicitly states a phala: when Śrāddha is performed according to the prescribed lunar-day pattern (from pratipat onward) and auspicious timings like Maghā, the performer is said to attain the blessing of a daughter.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

If you observe annual or periodic Śrāddha, consult a pañcāṅga for tithi and nakṣatra (especially Trayodaśī and Maghā) and perform the rite with sincerity and correctness, focusing on honoring ancestors and maintaining dharmic family duties.