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Shloka 72

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

श्वभ्यश्च श्वपचेभ्यश्च पतितादिभ्य एव च / दद्याद्भूमौ बहिस्त्वन्नं पक्षिभ्यश्च द्विजोत्तमः

Transliteration

śvabhyaśca śvapacebhyaśca patitādibhya eva ca / dadyādbhūmau bahistvannaṃ pakṣibhyaśca dvijottamaḥ

Translation

Bậc tối thượng trong hàng nhị sinh nên đặt thức ăn bên ngoài trên mặt đất và bố thí cho chó, cho kẻ bị loại trừ (những người nấu thịt chó), cho kẻ sa ngã và những hạng tương tự—và cả cho chim muông nữa.

Word by Word
श्वभ्यःto dogs
श्वभ्यः:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootśvan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th case), बहुवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha/Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
श्वपचेभ्यःto dog-cookers/outcastes
श्वपचेभ्यः:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootśvapaca (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, बहुवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha/Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय
पतितादिभ्यःto the fallen and others
पतितादिभ्यः:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootpatita (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formआदि-समास (पतिताः आदयः येषां ते), पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, बहुवचन
एवindeed/just
एव:
Emphasis
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक निपात (restrictive particle)
चand
च:
Sambandha/Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
भूमौon the ground
भूमौ:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन
बहिःoutside
बहिः:
Adverbial (Kriyāviśeṣaṇa)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbahis (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
तुindeed/but
तु:
Discourse particle
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootanna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन
पक्षिभ्यःto birds
पक्षिभ्यः:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootpakṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, बहुवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha/Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय
द्विजोत्तमःthe best of the twice-born (Brahmin)
द्विजोत्तमः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय (उत्तमः द्विजः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: A dvija should place food outside for dogs, birds, and even the socially fallen—bali as duty beyond preference.

Vedantic Theme: Seeing the same life-principle in all beings (sarva-bhūta-hita) expressed through disciplined giving.

Application: Set aside edible food daily and place it in a safe, clean spot for animals/birds; support food programs for marginalized persons without contempt.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: outside the house/threshold (bahis)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: bhūtayajña/vaiśvadeva instructions in adjacent verses (contextual continuity)

Characters & Entities
D
Dogs (śva)
Ś
Śvapaca (outcaste)
P
Patita (fallen person)
B
Birds (pakṣi)
D
Dvija (twice-born)

FAQs

This verse treats feeding living beings—dogs, birds, and even socially excluded or fallen persons—as a dharmic duty that cultivates compassion and purifies one’s conduct through selfless giving.

While not describing the after-death journey directly, it supports the Purana’s broader teaching that one’s post-mortem condition is shaped by karma; habitual charity and non-contempt toward beings are presented as merit-building conduct.

Set aside a small portion of food to offer outside for animals/birds and practice non-discrimination in charity—give respectfully, without revulsion, and with a sense of duty rather than display.

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