Shloka 21

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

प्राङ्मुखः सततं विप्रः सन्ध्योपासनमाचरेत् / सन्ध्याहीनो ऽशुचिर्नित्यमनर्हः सर्वकर्मसु

Transliteration

prāṅmukhaḥ satataṃ vipraḥ sandhyopāsanamācaret / sandhyāhīno 'śucirnityamanarhaḥ sarvakarmasu

Translation

Hướng mặt về phương Đông, người “nhị sinh” phải luôn hành lễ thờ phụng Sandhyā. Kẻ thiếu Sandhyā thì thường hằng bất tịnh và không xứng đáng cho mọi nghi lễ và bổn phận.

Word by Word

• प्राङ्मुखः: facing east
• प्राङ्मुखः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राङ् (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (दिक्-विशेषणपूर्वकः)

• सततम्: always
• सततम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सतत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• विप्रः: a Brahmin
• विप्रः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• सन्ध्योपासनम्: worship of the twilight (sandhyā)
• सन्ध्योपासनम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक) + उपासन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: सन्ध्यायाः उपासनम्)

• आचरेत्: should perform/practice
• आचरेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ√चर् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• सन्ध्याहीनः: devoid of sandhyā (one who neglects it)
• सन्ध्याहीनः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक) + हीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (सन्ध्यया हीनः)

• अशुचिः: impure
• अशुचिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• अनर्हः: unfit/undeserving
• अनर्हः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनर्ह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• सर्वकर्मसु: in all rites/actions
• सर्वकर्मसु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (सर्वाणि कर्माणि)

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nitya-karma: Sandhyā-upāsanā as indispensable daily duty; neglect causes aśauca and adhikāra-loss for rites.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi as prerequisite for higher knowledge and worship; karma as purifier supporting jñāna/bhakti.

Application: Maintain a fixed daily Sandhyā routine (dawn/noon/dusk as per tradition), with correct direction, cleanliness, and attention; treat it as non-negotiable like hygiene.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: directional-ritual orientation

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Dharma/Ācāra sections): nitya-karma and aśauca consequences for neglect; Garuda Purana: eligibility (adhikāra) for rites tied to purity and daily observances

FAQs

What is the importance of Sandhyā-vandana in the Garuḍa Purāṇa?

This verse treats Sandhyā worship as a non-negotiable daily duty (nitya-karma) that maintains ritual purity and eligibility for other religious acts.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly, it emphasizes disciplined daily dharma: neglect of obligatory rites is framed as a condition of impurity and ineligibility, which Purāṇic ethics connect with adverse karmic outcomes.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Keep a consistent daily spiritual practice (prayer/meditation at twilight), treating it as foundational—supporting clarity, discipline, and integrity in all other duties.