Shloka 9

Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras

Tense–Mood System

Devanagari script

आधारश्चाधिकरणं रक्षार्थानां प्रयोगतः / ईप्सितं चानीप्सितं यत्तदपादानकं स्मृतम्

Transliteration

ādhāraścādhikaraṇaṃ rakṣārthānāṃ prayogataḥ / īpsitaṃ cānīpsitaṃ yattadapādānakaṃ smṛtam

Translation

Cái làm chỗ nâng đỡ được gọi là “adhikaraṇa” (nơi chốn). Và theo cách dùng, trong những lời nói mang nghĩa che chở, cả điều được mong che chở lẫn điều không mong (điều/người mà ta được che chở khỏi) đều được ghi nhận là “apādāna” (nguồn tách rời).

Word by Word

• आधारः: support/base
• आधारः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आधार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अधिकरणम्: locus/adhikaraṇa
• अधिकरणम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधिकरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• रक्षार्थानाम्: of protective purposes
• रक्षार्थानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षा (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (रक्षायाः अर्थः)

• प्रयोगतः: according to (linguistic) usage
• प्रयोगतः: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रयोग (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (तसिल्-प्रत्ययः)
• Form: अव्यय, तसिलन्त (ablatival adverb): ‘from/according to usage’

• ईप्सितम्: desired
• ईप्सितम्: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईप्सित (कृदन्त; √आप्/ईप्स् + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (desired)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अनीप्सितम्: undesired
• अनीप्सितम्: Vishaya (Topic/विषयः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ- (नञ्) + ईप्सित (कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक-क्तान्त (undesired)

• यत्: which
• यत्: Sambandha (Relative/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; निर्देशक (correlative)

• अपादानकम्: (is) apādāna (source-role)
• अपादानकम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपादानक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कारक-विशेषण/संज्ञा

• स्मृतम्: is remembered/considered
• स्मृतम्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मृ (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्ययः)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) प्रयोगः—‘is considered’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Adhikaraṇa is the support/locus; in protective expressions, the ‘source’ (apādāna) includes both intended and unintended objects from which protection is sought.

Vedantic Theme: Lakṣaṇā and prayoga (usage) refine categories: meaning is not only ontological but also pragmatic (how speakers frame protection/avoidance).

Application: When expressing safeguarding/avoidance, mark the threatening or avoided source with ablative even if it is not a deliberate agent (e.g., śītāt rakṣati—protects from cold).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205.7 (apādāna) and 1.205.8 (adhikaraṇa) as immediate conceptual neighbors; Pāṇinian tradition on apādāna in ‘rakṣārtha’ and ‘bhaya’ constructions (commentarial examples)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of adhikaraṇa and apādāna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse gives technical definitions that help readers interpret ritual and dharma statements precisely—identifying the ‘locus/support’ (adhikaraṇa) and the ‘source/point of separation’ (apādāna), especially in protective formulations.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in the Garuda Purana?

Indirectly: it equips the reader with grammatical clarity used in the Purana’s teachings. Accurate understanding of terms like ‘from whom/what one is protected’ (apādāna) supports correct comprehension of afterlife and ritual instructions elsewhere in the text.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When reciting or studying Sanskrit prayers and Purana passages, identify the ‘support/locus’ and the ‘from-which’ (source/separation) meanings to avoid misreading instructions—useful for correct ritual wording and ethical guidance.