Shloka 10
Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras
Tense–Mood System
पञ्चमी पर्युपाङ्योगे इतरर्ते ऽन्यदिङ्मुखे / एनयोगे द्वितीया स्यात्कर्मप्रवचनीयकैः
pañcamī paryupāṅyoge itararte 'nyadiṅmukhe / enayoge dvitīyā syātkarmapravacanīyakaiḥ
Trong nghĩa “bao quanh” hay “gắn kết gần kề” (paryupāṅga-yoga), dùng cách thứ năm. Nhưng khi nghĩa khác—như “hướng về phương khác”—thì dùng cách thứ hai, theo lời dạy của các tiểu từ karmapravacanīya (từ bất biến chỉ quan hệ).
Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda)
Concept: Case selection depends on semantic relation and governing particles: pañcamī for surrounding/close-connection; otherwise dvitīyā under karmapravacanīya indeclinables.
Vedantic Theme: Context-sensitive meaning (prakaraṇa): form follows intended relation; śāstra provides decision rules for ambiguity resolution.
Application: When composing Sanskrit, check whether the indeclinable governs ablative or accusative based on intended sense (e.g., ‘परितः ग्रामात्’ vs direction/other sense requiring accusative per tradition).
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: adbhuta
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205: continuation of vibhakti governance rules; Pāṇinian and commentarial tradition on karmapravacanīyas (e.g., ‘परि/उप/अति/अधि’ etc.) and their case-governance
FAQs
They determine how case-endings are applied by clarifying the action-relation (e.g., whether a relation implies ‘from/away’ like the fifth case or a direct object/relation like the second case).
It gives a rule for interpreting constructions involving relational indeclinables, preventing mistranslation of key relations such as proximity/surrounding versus a different intended sense like direction-facing.
Use it as a reading aid: when studying Garuda Purana shlokas, check whether a relational particle implies a ‘surrounding/connection’ sense (favoring the fifth case) or another sense (where the second case may be correct), improving accuracy in recitation and translation.