Shloka 1

Rajayakshma Nidana: Causes, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, and Prognosis

Devanagari script

ऽध्यायः धन्वन्तरिरुवाच / अथातो यक्ष्मरोगस्य निदानं प्रवदाम्यहम् / अनेकरोगानुगतो बहुरोगपुरोगमः

Transliteration

'dhyāyaḥ dhanvantariruvāca / athāto yakṣmarogasya nidānaṃ pravadāmyaham / anekarogānugato bahurogapurogamaḥ

Translation

Dhanvantari nói: Nay ta sẽ giảng về nidāna—căn nguyên và cơ sở chẩn đoán—của bệnh yakṣmā (lao tổn). Bệnh ấy đi kèm nhiều chứng khác và thường được báo trước bởi vô số rối loạn.

Word by Word

• अध्यायः: chapter
• अध्यायः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; शीर्षक/विषय-निर्देश

• धन्वन्तरिः: Dhanvantari
• धन्वन्तरिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्वन्तरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; वक्ता-नाम

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• अथ: now/then
• अथ: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भसूचक (then/now)

• अतः: thereupon/therefore
• अतः: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; हेत्वर्थ/अनन्तरार्थ (therefore/thereupon)

• यक्ष्मरोगस्य: of the disease called yakṣmā (consumption)
• यक्ष्मरोगस्य: Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यक्ष्म-रोग (प्रातिपदिक; यक्ष्म + रोग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (यक्ष्मः एव रोगः)

• निदानम्: cause/etiology
• निदानम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निदान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• प्रवदामि: I explain / I declare
• प्रवदामि: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र+वद् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• अनेक: many
• अनेक: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (बहुरोगपुरोगमः इत्यस्य विशेषणार्थे)

• रोग: diseases
• रोग: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (अनेक-रोग-अनुगतः इत्यत्र)

• अनुगतः: accompanied by / followed by
• अनुगतः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनु+गम् (धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gone after/followed), विशेषणम्

• बहु: many
• बहु: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण; समासाङ्ग (बहु-रोग-पुरोगमः इत्यत्र)

• रोग: diseases
• रोग: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (बहु-रोग-पुरोगमः)

• पुरोगमः: going in front; having many diseases as forerunners
• पुरोगमः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरः-गम (प्रातिपदिक; पुरः + गम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (पुरः गच्छति इति), विशेषणम्

Speaker

Dhanvantari

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nidāna-jñāna (knowing causes) as the foundation of right treatment; disciplined inquiry prevents harm.

Vedantic Theme: Prakṛti-based causality in the body; suffering arises from compounded conditions—knowledge reduces avidyā in practical life.

Application: Diagnose root causes and co-morbidities before intervention; avoid single-symptom treatment; cultivate preventive habits.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: Dhanvantari sections on roga-nidāna and cikitsā; Garuda Purana: other chapters listing diseases and remedies

Characters & Entities

• Dhanvantari
• Yakshma

FAQs

What is the importance of yakṣmā-nidāna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse introduces Dhanvantari’s systematic explanation of yakṣmā by focusing on nidāna (causation/diagnostic basis), framing the condition as a complex disease linked with many associated disorders.

How does this verse explain the nature of yakṣmā (consumption)?

It characterizes yakṣmā as a major ailment that rarely appears alone—many diseases accompany it, and multiple disorders commonly arise beforehand, indicating a progressive, multi-symptom decline.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat chronic decline as multi-factorial: address early warning disorders, look for coexisting conditions, and focus on root causes rather than only symptomatic relief.