Shloka 5
यज्ञप्रवर्तनम् (Yajña-pravartana) — The Institution/Commencement of Sacrifice in Dvāpara
Devanagari script
आद्ये कृते यो धर्मो ऽस्ति स त्रेतायां प्रवर्त्तते / द्वापरे व्याकुलीभूत्वा प्रणश्यति कलौ युगे
Transliteration
ādye kṛte yo dharmo 'sti sa tretāyāṃ pravarttate / dvāpare vyākulībhūtvā praṇaśyati kalau yuge
Translation
Dharma vốn có trong Kṛta Yuga ban đầu vẫn vận hành ở Tretā; sang Dvāpara nó rối loạn và suy tàn, rồi đến Kali Yuga thì tiêu mất.
Word by Word
ādyein the first
ādye:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootādya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Saptamī-vibhakti (7th/locative), Eka-vacana; used adjectivally with kṛte
kṛtein the Kṛta (age)
kṛte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Saptamī-vibhakti (7th/locative), Eka-vacana; name of Kṛta-yuga
yaḥwhich; who
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā-vibhakti (nominative), Eka-vacana; relative pronoun
dharmaḥdharma; righteousness
dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā-vibhakti, Eka-vacana
astiis
asti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु: अस्)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Eka-vacana, Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
saḥthat (one)
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā-vibhakti, Eka-vacana; correlative pronoun
tretāyāmin Tretā (age)
tretāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottretā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Saptamī-vibhakti (7th/locative), Eka-vacana
pravarttatecontinues; proceeds
pravarttate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√vṛt (धातु: वृत्)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Eka-vacana, Ātmanepada
dvāparein Dvāpara
dvāpare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdvāpara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī-vibhakti, Eka-vacana
vyākulī-bhūtvāhaving become confused/agitated
vyākulī-bhūtvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvyākulī (प्रातिपदिक) + √bhū (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा) from √bhū with preverb; compound-like formation vyākulī-bhū (कर्मधारय: 'vyākulī' as predicate adjective + bhū); indeclinable verbal (अव्ययभाव)
praṇaśyatiperishes; is destroyed
praṇaśyati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√naś (धातु: नश्)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Eka-vacana, Parasmaipada
kalauin Kali (age)
kalau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkali (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī-vibhakti, Eka-vacana
yugein the age
yuge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsakaliṅga (neuter), Saptamī-vibhakti, Eka-vacana